ANTIMICROBIAL (ANTIBIOTICS)

Question 1

Chemical substances produced by a microorganism with the capacity to inhibit other microorganisms.

Answer 1

Antimicrobials (antibiotics)

Question 2

Destroy/kill the organism.

Answer 2

Antimicrobials (antibiotics)

Question 3

A spectrum that is effective against a limited number of pathogens.

Answer 3

Narrow Spectrum

Question 4

Bacitracin, clindamycin, dapsone, erythromycin, gentamicin, isoniazid, polymyxin B and vancomycin
(spectrum)

Answer 4

Narrow Spectrum

Question 5

A spectrum that destroy different kinds of organism.

Answer 5

Broad Spectrum

Question 6

PIGBEDCV — means

Answer 6

Polymyxin B
Isoniazid
Gentamicin
Bacitracin
Erythromycin
Dapsone
Clindamycin
Vancomycin

Question 7

Ampicillin, cephalosporin, chlorampenicol, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, sulfonamines, trimethoprim and tetracyclin
(spectrum)

Answer 7

Broad Spectrum

Question 8

CARST — means

Answer 8

Cephalosporin, Chlorampenicol, Ciprofloxacin
Ampicilin
Rifampin
Sulfonamines
Trimethoprim and Tetracyclin

Question 9

3 Classification of Drugs

Answer 9

Natural Drugs
Semisynthetic Drugs
Synthetic Drugs

Question 10

A drugs produced by bacteria or fungi.

Answer 10

Natural Drugs

Question 11

A drugs that is chemically modified natural drugs with added extra chemical groups.

Answer 11

Semisynthetic Drugs

Question 12

Ampicillin, carbenicillin and methicilli (drugs)

Answer 12

Semisynthetic Drugs

Question 13

A drugs that chemically produced drugs.

Answer 13

Synthetic Drugs

Question 14

Sulfonamides, trimethoprom, chloramphenicol, cifrofloxacin, isoniazid, dapsone.
(drugs)

Answer 14

Synthetic Drugs

Question 15

Is the lowest concentration of a drug that “inhibits” bacterial growth.

Answer 15

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

Question 16

Is the lowest concentration of drug that “kills” bacterial growth.

Answer 16

Minimal lethal concentration (MLC)

Question 17

It is the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose.

Answer 17

Therapeutic index

Question 18

The higher the therapeutic index, the more effective is what agent?

Answer 18

Chemotherapeutic agent

Question 19

Action of antimicrobials

Answer 19

Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Inhibiting CHON synthesis
Inhibiting N.A synthesis
Destroying the cell membrane
Inhibiting essential metabolites

Question 20

2 kinds of Penicillin

Answer 20

Beta lactamase resistant penicillin
Broad spectrum penicillin

Question 21

Cloxacilin, dicloxacillin, mehcillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
(penicillin)

Answer 21

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin
(penicillin)

Question 22

What follows when cell growths stops?

Answer 22

Death

Question 23

Inactivated by stomach acids, (parenterally)

Answer 23

Pen G

Question 24

acid resistant (orally)

Answer 24

Penicillin V

Question 25

resistant penicillin- methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin

Answer 25

Penicillinase

Question 26

cephalotin, cefoxitin, ceftriazone, cephalexine, cefixime and cefoperazone

Answer 26

Cephalosporins

Question 27

acid stable, effective for G+, G-

Answer 27

Ampicllin

Question 28

cup-shaped molecule drug; teicoplanin drug

Answer 28

Vancomycin

Question 29

acid stable, Pseudomonas and Proteus

Answer 29

Carbenicillin

Question 30

30’S Ribosomes Inhibitors (2)

Answer 30

Tetracycline Aminoglycosides

Question 31

Bacteriostatic — 30’S Ribosomes Inhibitors

Answer 31

Tetracycline

Question 32

Bactericidal — 30’S Ribosomes Inhibitors

Answer 32

Aminoglycosides

Question 33

50’s Ribosomes Inhibitors (2)

Answer 33

Chloramphenicol Macrolid

Question 34

Bacteriostatic — 50’s Ribosomes Inhibitors

Answer 34

Chloramphenicol

Question 35

2 kinds of Macrolide

Answer 35

Erythromycin Clindamycin

Question 36

Folic acid metabolism, high there. index

Answer 36

Sulfonamides

Question 37

blocks tetrahydrofolate synthesis

Answer 37

Trimethoprim

Question 38

(trimethoprim –sulfamethoxazole) = co-trimoxazole

Answer 38

SXT

Question 39

interferes F.A. synthesis

Answer 39

Dapsone

Question 40

Inhibits synthesis of Cord factor.

Answer 40

Mycolic acid

Question 41

(g- bacteria Pseudomonas)

Answer 41

Polymixin B

Question 42

(Colistin) - ointment

Answer 42

Polymixin E

Question 43

They have cyclohexane ring and may cause deafness and loss of balance (toxic).

Answer 43

Gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin and tobramycin (GKNST)

Question 44

Macrolide antibiotics (ACE)

Answer 44

Azithromycin Clindamycin Erythromycin

Question 45

bind to 23s rRNA on the 50s ribosomal unit. (CE)

Answer 45

Chloramphenicol and Erythromycin

Question 46

2 types of Drug Resistance

Answer 46

Intrinsic resistance Extrinsic resistance

Question 47

2 Intrinsic Resistance

Answer 47

Mycoplasma Ribosome

Question 48

3 Extrinsic Resistance

Answer 48

Mutation Mutation - cell membrane permeability Beta lactamase

Question 49

Cannot bind to bacterial cell — extrinsic resistance

Answer 49

Mutation

Question 50

Cannot pass through the cell membrane — extrinsic resistance

Answer 50

Mutation- cell membrane permeability

Question 51

Destroyed by the enzyme — extrinsic resistance

Answer 51

Beta lactamase

Question 52

2 Anti Fungal Agents

Answer 52

Polyenes Azole