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BACT211 MIDTERM > ANTIMICROBIAL (ANTIBIOTICS) > Flashcards

ANTIMICROBIAL (ANTIBIOTICS) Flashcards

1
Q

Chemical substances produced by a microorganism with the capacity to inhibit other microorganisms.

A

Antimicrobials (antibiotics)

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2
Q

Destroy/kill the organism.

A

Antimicrobials (antibiotics)

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3
Q

A spectrum that is effective against a limited number of pathogens.

A

Narrow Spectrum

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4
Q

Bacitracin, clindamycin, dapsone, erythromycin, gentamicin, isoniazid, polymyxin B and vancomycin
(spectrum)

A

Narrow Spectrum

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5
Q

A spectrum that destroy different kinds of organism.

A

Broad Spectrum

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6
Q

PIGBEDCV — means

A

Polymyxin B
Isoniazid
Gentamicin
Bacitracin
Erythromycin
Dapsone
Clindamycin
Vancomycin

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7
Q

Ampicillin, cephalosporin, chlorampenicol, ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, sulfonamines, trimethoprim and tetracyclin
(spectrum)

A

Broad Spectrum

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8
Q

CARST — means

A

Cephalosporin, Chlorampenicol, Ciprofloxacin
Ampicilin
Rifampin
Sulfonamines
Trimethoprim and Tetracyclin

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9
Q

3 Classification of Drugs

A

Natural Drugs
Semisynthetic Drugs
Synthetic Drugs

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10
Q

A drugs produced by bacteria or fungi.

A

Natural Drugs

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11
Q

A drugs that is chemically modified natural drugs with added extra chemical groups.

A

Semisynthetic Drugs

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12
Q

Ampicillin, carbenicillin and methicilli (drugs)

A

Semisynthetic Drugs

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13
Q

A drugs that chemically produced drugs.

A

Synthetic Drugs

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14
Q

Sulfonamides, trimethoprom, chloramphenicol, cifrofloxacin, isoniazid, dapsone.
(drugs)

A

Synthetic Drugs

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15
Q

Is the lowest concentration of a drug that “inhibits” bacterial growth.

A

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)

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16
Q

Is the lowest concentration of drug that “kills” bacterial growth.

A

Minimal lethal concentration (MLC)

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17
Q

It is the ratio of the toxic dose to the therapeutic dose.

A

Therapeutic index

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18
Q

The higher the therapeutic index, the more effective is what agent?

A

Chemotherapeutic agent

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19
Q

Action of antimicrobials

A

Inhibiting cell wall synthesis
Inhibiting CHON synthesis
Inhibiting N.A synthesis
Destroying the cell membrane
Inhibiting essential metabolites

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20
Q

2 kinds of Penicillin

A

Beta lactamase resistant penicillin
Broad spectrum penicillin

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21
Q

Cloxacilin, dicloxacillin, mehcillin, nafcillin, oxacillin
(penicillin)

A

Amoxicillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin
(penicillin)

22
Q

What follows when cell growths stops?

23
Q

Inactivated by stomach acids, (parenterally)

24
Q

acid resistant (orally)

A

Penicillin V

25
Q

resistant penicillin- methicillin, nafcillin, oxacillin

A

Penicillinase

26
Q

cephalotin, cefoxitin, ceftriazone, cephalexine, cefixime and cefoperazone

A

Cephalosporins

27
Q

acid stable, effective for G+, G-

28
Q

cup-shaped molecule drug; teicoplanin drug

A

Vancomycin

29
Q

acid stable, Pseudomonas and Proteus

A

Carbenicillin

30
Q

30’S Ribosomes Inhibitors (2)

A

Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides

31
Q

Bacteriostatic — 30’S Ribosomes Inhibitors

A

Tetracycline

32
Q

Bactericidal — 30’S Ribosomes Inhibitors

A

Aminoglycosides

33
Q

50’s Ribosomes Inhibitors (2)

A

Chloramphenicol
Macrolid

34
Q

Bacteriostatic — 50’s Ribosomes Inhibitors

A

Chloramphenicol

35
Q

2 kinds of Macrolide

A

Erythromycin
Clindamycin

36
Q

Folic acid metabolism, high there. index

A

Sulfonamides

37
Q

blocks tetrahydrofolate synthesis

A

Trimethoprim

38
Q

(trimethoprim –sulfamethoxazole) = co-trimoxazole

39
Q

interferes F.A. synthesis

40
Q

Inhibits synthesis of Cord factor.

A

Mycolic acid

41
Q

(g- bacteria Pseudomonas)

A

Polymixin B

42
Q

(Colistin) - ointment

A

Polymixin E

43
Q

They have cyclohexane ring and may cause
deafness and loss of balance (toxic).

A

Gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin and tobramycin (GKNST)

44
Q

Macrolide antibiotics (ACE)

A

Azithromycin
Clindamycin
Erythromycin

45
Q

bind to 23s rRNA on the 50s ribosomal unit. (CE)

A

Chloramphenicol and Erythromycin

46
Q

2 types of Drug Resistance

A

Intrinsic resistance
Extrinsic resistance

47
Q

2 Intrinsic Resistance

A

Mycoplasma
Ribosome

48
Q

3 Extrinsic Resistance

A

Mutation
Mutation - cell membrane permeability
Beta lactamase

49
Q

Cannot bind to bacterial cell — extrinsic resistance

50
Q

Cannot pass through the cell membrane — extrinsic resistance

A

Mutation- cell membrane permeability

51
Q

Destroyed by the enzyme — extrinsic resistance

A

Beta lactamase

52
Q

2 Anti Fungal Agents

A

Polyenes
Azole

BACT211 MIDTERM (6 decks)

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