MW L1 The Inflammatory Process Flashcards

1
Q

Infection is

A

‘catching and spreading’

involves microbes colonising a host

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Immunity is

A

‘protection from infection or disease’

-but includes autoimmunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Inflammation is

A

‘set alight’

part of immunity and stimulated by infection and other injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the point of the inflammatory process?

A

Attack and remove cause of injury, repair damaged tissue

beneficial and self protecting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5 factors of inflammation

A
  • heat
  • redness
  • swelling
  • pain
  • loss of funciton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What neurones modulate nociception?

A

Sensory neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensory neurones release neuropeptides such as ………… and …………… which contribute to redness and swelling

A

Substance p

Calcitonin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mast cells release (2)

A

histamine and PGs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Inflam involves interplay between…. (5)

A
  • microvasculature
  • leukocytes
  • nerves
  • tissue cells (structural & immune)
  • chemical mediators of inflammation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RA affects ……… of the population

age of onset?

A

1-2%

30-50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RA affects what ration of women to men

A

3 women : 1 man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

RA has complex pathology involving what factors: (5)

A
genetic
immunological
hormonal
neuronal
environmental
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why does RA remis in pregnancy?

A

hormonal changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Loss of cartilage, bone erosion in RA is mediated by….

A

MMP

Matrix MetaloProteinases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

MMP are secreted by….

A

synovial fibroblasts

chondrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes loss of mobility in RA?

A

Fibrosis tissue formation (scarring)

17
Q

2 inflammatory mediators particularly implicated in RA?

Where do these come from?

A

TNF alpha
IL1 beta

from macrophages

18
Q

What activates tissue cells in RA?

What is this driven by?

A

infiltrating leukocytes

driven by inflammatory mediators and cytokines derived from macrophages

19
Q

What is the role of T and C lymphocytes in RA?

A

maintain cytokine production

20
Q

Name 3 granulocytes

A

neutrophils
eosinophils
basophils

21
Q

Leukocytes are also known as …………. and are divided into (2)

A

Granulocytes and mononuclear cells

22
Q

What three mononuclear cells are involved in RA?

A

Monocytes (i.e. macrophages)

Lymphocytes (T and B cells)

23
Q

What is the role of the macrophage?

A

big eater!
defence against environment
-phagocytosis
-respiritory burst

24
Q

How long do macrophages stick around for?

A

months

25
Q

Where do macrophages come from?

A

blood monocytes

26
Q

Macrophages are a major source of ………….

A

Cytokines

27
Q

Lymphocytes are defined by …………..

A

surface antigens,
the cytokines they make
function

28
Q

T cells all express

A

CD3+ surface antigen

29
Q

Name some T cells

A
T-helper (Th1 & Th2)
T-cytotoxic (CD8+)
NK
Th17 (releases IL17)
T regulatory cells
30
Q

T cells are the controllers of ……………………… immune system

A

specific

31
Q

T cells subsets are associated with secretion of …………………….

A

different cytokines, an imbalance of which leads to disease

32
Q

Who to Th cells help?

A

Th cells stimulate B cells to produce antibodies

33
Q

chemical mediators of inflammation are specific or nonspecific?

A

nonspecific

34
Q

5 e.g. of chemical mediators of inflammation

A
preformed & released - histamine, purines, proteases
membrane derived - PG, leukotrienes
peptides - kinins and neuropeptides
proteins - cytokines, complement
ROS
35
Q

Why is inflammation beneficial? (5)

A

Redness - increased blood flow
Swelling - increased vascular perm

Allows removal of damaged tissue/infectious agents
Supplies new materials for repair

Tells body to rest (pain and loss of function)