JAL L6 Inhibitors of protein synthesis

Question 1

Inhibitors of protein synthesis tend to be static or cidal?

Answer 1

Static

Question 2

Inhibitors of cell wall synth cause the most problems because…

Answer 2

Process is similar in eukaryotes, therefore toxic effects

Question 3

Ribosomal ‘s’ is a unit of ….

Answer 3

density

Question 4

e.g. of aminoglycosides?

Answer 4

gentamycin

Question 5

Aminoglycosides are for aerobic or anaerobic?

Answer 5

aerobic (e.g septacimia, complicated UTI, nosocomial RTI)

Question 6

Aminoglycosides are for gram ….

Answer 6

-ve, also some +ve

Question 7

Aminoglycosides bind ……..

mode of action……

Answer 7

bind to 30S subunit

reduce assembly of the initiation complex

Question 8

Aminoglycosides penetrate inside cells?

Answer 8

No. Poor penetration in CSF too.

Cross the placenta though.

Question 9

Aminoglycosides are administered via…

Answer 9

IV, IM, or topically for wounds.

Not absorbed by the gut.

Question 10

s/e Aminoglycosides

Answer 10

Nephrotoxic

Ototoxic

Question 11

Oxazolidinones e.g.

Answer 11

linezolid

Question 12

Oxazolidinones are active against gram

Answer 12

+ve

Question 13

Oxazolidinones are active against what evil disease

Answer 13

MRSA (and vancomycin resistant enterococci)

Question 14

Linezolid binds to …..

mode of action….

Answer 14

23S rRNA in 50S subunit

reduces assembly of the initiation complex

Question 15

Linezolid is administered…

Answer 15

orally or IV

Question 16

s/e of linezolid

Answer 16

GIT
hypersensitivity
headache
SEVERE:
pseudomembranous colitis
allergy
thrombocytopenia
pancytopenia
neuropathy

Question 17

Tetracyclines are broad or narrow spectrum?

Answer 17

broad

Question 18

e.g. of Tetracyclines

Answer 18

doxycycline

Question 19

Tetracyclines given orally for….

Answer 19

RTI, acne, chlmydia

Question 20

Many ……….(2)……….. species are now resistant to tetracyclines

Answer 20

Staph and strep

Question 21

Tetracyclines bind to….

mode of action

Answer 21

30S ribosomal subunit

Reduces tRNA binding to site A

Question 22

Tetracyclines are administered…

Answer 22

orally (although absorption is reduced by cations)

Question 23

Tetracyclines are distributed to the fetus?

and the CSF?

Answer 23

Y

N

Question 24

s/e Tetracyclines

Answer 24

GIT
irritant
superinfection
deposition forming in bones/teeth
kidney and liver damage
phototoxicity

Question 25

An alternative to penicillin for treating strp. infections

Answer 25

macrolides/ketolides

Question 26

e.g. of a macrolide

Answer 26

erythromycin

Question 27

Uses of macrolides

Answer 27

RTI, STI, GIT

Question 28

Macrolides are administered...

Answer 28

orally (or IV)

Question 29

e.g. of ketolides?

Answer 29

Telithromycin

Question 30

Ketolides are just more potent....

Answer 30

macrolides (designed to overcome resistance)

Question 31

Macro/ketolides bind to.... | mode of action....

Answer 31

50S subunit | Reduce translocation and release of tRNA

Question 32

Are Macro/ketolides well distributed?

Answer 32

yes (not CSF)

Question 33

Macro/ketolides are ............... liable therefore enteric coated?

Answer 33

acid-liable

Question 34

Macro/ketolides s/e

Answer 34

``` GIT (superinfections) cholestatic jaundice reversible ototoxicity allergic reactions cardiac effects ```

Question 35

Lincosamides e.g.

Answer 35

clindamycin

Question 36

Uses of Lincosamides

Answer 36

``` IV, IM or orall for staph bone and joint infections RTI peritonitis septicaemia ```

Question 37

Lincosamides s/e

Answer 37

antibiotic associated diarrhoea

Question 38

Fusidic acid is broad or narrow spec?

Answer 38

Narrow, for STAPH infecttions

Question 39

Fusidic acid binds to... | mode of action....

Answer 39

EF-G-ribosome complex | reduces translocation of tRNA

Question 40

Uses of fusidic acid...

Answer 40

topically for skin and eye infections | orally and IV for osteomyelitis and endocarditis

Question 41

Chloramphenicol is broad or narrow spec

Answer 41

broad

Question 42

Chloramphenicol is used....

Answer 42

topically for eye infections | orally or IV for meningitis, typhoid - potentially fatal s/e when iv

Question 43

Chloramphenicol binds to.... | mode of action....

Answer 43

50s subunit | prevents peptide bond formation

Question 44

Chloramphenicol penetrates what tissues

Answer 44

all well, including the brain

Question 45

Chloramphenicol s/e

Answer 45

``` bone marrow supression Grey baby syndrome GIT peripheral and optic neuritis aplastic aneamia ```

Question 46

Chloramphenicol is not suitable under what age

Answer 46

4 years

Question 47

aplastic anemia is....

Answer 47

bone marrow stem cells die. Normal haemopoietic cells absent and space filled with adipose tissue.