Mutations

Question 1

what is a mutation

Answer 1

a mutation describes changes that occur at the DNA level that is inheritable

Question 2

what can cause a mutation to occur

Answer 2

chance, cell division error or from a mutagen

Question 3

what are mutagens

Answer 3

chemical or physical agents that can cause a mutation to DNA such as x-rays, UV and nuclear radiation or benzene

Question 4

define gametic mutations

Answer 4

are inherited and occur in testes of males and ovaries of females and can be passed to offspring

Question 5

define somatic mutations

Answer 5

are in body cells and can not be inherited but may effect the person during their lifetime

Question 6

what is a gene mutation

Answer 6

occurs when a nitrogen base is inserted, deleted or rearranged in a gene

Question 7

define point or substitution mutations

Answer 7

one base is substituted for another, changes missense, doesn’t change- silent and changes to STOP nonsense

Question 8

define frameshift mutations

Answer 8

changes the amino acid sequence, a base is lost deletion and a base is inserted insertion

Question 9

what are chromosome mutations

Answer 9

usually occurs due to non-disjunction, involves the changing of chromosomes resulting in aneuploidy

Question 10

define non-disjunction

Answer 10

is when chromosomes dont seperate correctly during meiosis

Question 11

define aneuploidy

Answer 11

gametes with too many or too few chromosomes

Question 12

what are the changes in down syndrome, turner syndrome and kleinfelters syndrome

Answer 12

down syndrome - 21 trisomy, turners syndrome - 1X only and kleinfelters syndrome - two Xs