Mutations

Question 1

What is a mutation

Answer 1

An error in the DNA sequence

Question 2

How are mutations caused

Answer 2

Errors in replication, damaging mutagens (chemicals, radiations)

Question 3

Point/substitution mutation

Answer 3

One base is substituted for another

Question 4

Silent mutation

Answer 4

Has no effect
- occur in intron
- mutation in 3rd base (causes it to code for same thing)

Question 5

Missense mutation

Answer 5

Protein still made, not as functional
- One different base will be changed
- in first or second base
- Ex. sickle cell anemia

Question 6

Nonsense mutation

Answer 6

Causes a stop codon
- only a fragment will be produced
- can be fatal to the cell
- protein wont be made

Question 7

Frameshift mutation

Answer 7

Base is inserted or deleted in code causing the “reading frame” of the RNA to be altered
- defective protein or no protein

Question 8

Inversion

Answer 8

Chromosome segment has reversed its orientation
- no gain or loss of genetic material
- may cause genes to be disrupted

Question 9

Translocation