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Biology > DNA replication > Flashcards

DNA replication Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Hersey and Chase Experiment

A

Wanted to determine whether proteins or DNA functioned as the genetic material
Used a bacteriophage virus and E. coli bacteria and performed experiments with ‘labelled’ proteins (35S) and DNA(32P)
Determined DNA was the genetic material

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2
Q

Structure of DNA nucleotide

A

sugar mol attached to a phosphate group with a nitrogen base

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3
Q

Bases pair with bases

A

A-T, G-C

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4
Q

Nitrogen Bases

A

Are complimentary to each other and run antiparrallel

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5
Q

Direction of DNA replication

A

5’ to 3’

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6
Q

What are Telomeres

A

Repeating DNA sequence at the end of a chromosome, they protect coding regions from being lost during replication

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7
Q

Hayflick Limit

A

cause aging

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8
Q

Times a cell can divide

A

50

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9
Q

Telomere location

A

End of chromosome

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10
Q

Telomerase Function

A

lengthen the number of telomeres on the end of DNA by adding the enzyme telomerase

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11
Q

Telomerase in cancer

A

repairs the cancer cell after dividing

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12
Q

Helicase

A

Unwinding the DNA by breaking H-bonds

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13
Q

Gyrase

A

Making sure DNA doesn’t wind back up again after seperation

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14
Q

SSBP

A

Attach to exposed DNA to prevent rejoining of DNA

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15
Q

DNA Polymerase III

A

Catalyzes formation of sugar-phosphate bond between mols

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16
Q

DNA primase

A

Builds short strand of RNA so polymerase III can attach

17
Q

DNA polymerase I

A

Removes RNA primers and replace them with DNA nuceotides

18
Q

DNA ligase

A

Joins the Okazaki fragments together

19
Q

DNA polymerase II

A

Fixes errors

20
Q

Semiconservative replication

A

Each strand of the original molecule is used as a template for each new, complementary strand

21
Q

Replication in leading strand

A

Replicated continuously towards the replication fork.

22
Q

Replication in lagging strand

A

Replicated discontinuously away from the replication fork. DNA polymerase III must continually re-attach to the strand. Therefore, RNA primase must keep building RNA primers for the enzyme to attach. A series of short strands of DNA are built on the lagging strand that must be removed.

23
Q

Telomeres in replication

A

Stabilize ends of chromosomes. Protect the ends from fusing together. Loss of them leads to aging.

Biology (10 decks)

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