Final Exam Short Answer

Question 1

Central Dogma of Protein Synthesis

Answer 1

DNA -> Transcription -> mRNA -> translation -> Polypeptide -> folding -> protein

Question 2

How to convert DNA to mRNA

Answer 2

T-A
C-G
G-C
A-U

Question 3

What are restriction enzymes- how are they used?

Answer 3

They serve as a basic “immune system” for a bacterial cell, cutting infecting viral DNA with these restriction enzymes to prevent infection. Each restriction enzyme recognizes a specific sequence of nucleotides on a DNA strand.

Question 4

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer 4

Maintaining the acceptable range of body temperature that allows cells to function efficiently. Humans usually are 1.5 degrees higher or lover than 37 degrees

Question 5

How the body responds to hot/cold- draw feedback loop

Answer 5

High body temp:
STIMULUS (high body temp) → RECEPTOR (skin/hypothalamus)→ REGULATORY (hypothalamus)→ EFFECTOR (sweat glands, blood vessels)→ RESPONSE (sweating, dilated blood vessels) –> body temp lowered
Low body temp:
STIMULUS (cool body temp) → RECEPTOR (skin/hypothalamus)→ REGULATORY (hypothalamus)→ EFFECTOR (smooth muslce of hair follicles & blood vessels, skeletal muscles)→ RESPONSE (hair stands on end, blood vessels constrict, muscles contract (shiver)) –> body temp raised