Homeostasis Flashcards
What is homeostasis
maintaining conditions of an organism’s internal environment within an acceptable range
Outline the three steps of urine production
Filtration—movement of fluids from blood (glomerulus) to Bowman’s capsule
Reabsorption—involves the transfer of essential solutes and water from the nephron back to blood stream.
Secretion—movement of materials from the blood back to nephron.
autonomic nervous system vs somatic nervous system
autonomic controls the thinks we do without thinking like breathing, blood flow, stomach
somatic are the things we do consciously like reflexes
central nervous system vs peripheral nervous system
central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord
sympathetic vs parasympathetic nervous system
sympathetic sends alerts, and parasympathetic calms the nerves.
What is a reflex arc? How is it different from a normal neural pathway?
nerve pathway involved in a reflex action. It goes straight to the brain.
What is meant by the resting potential of a neuron? How is this state achieved?
the imbalance of electrical charge that exists between the interior of nerve cells and their surroundings.
differences between depolarization, repolarization, hyperpolarization
Depolarization- change that causes distribution of electric charges to alter, leaving the cell with a less negative charge than the outside
Repolarization- restoring the polarized condition across the plasma membrane of a cell
Hyperpolarization - when the membrane potential becomes more negative at a particular spot
Clearly explain what is meant by the term “threshold potential”
The critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential
How does goitre develop in an otherwise healthy individual
Iodine deficiency
Name the 6 different types of sensory receptors and give an example of where they would be found in the body
Mechanoreceptors (detect mechanical energy)
Photoreceptors (detect light energy)
Chemoreceptors (detect chemicals)
Thermoreceptors (detect thermal energy flow)
Nociceptors (pain receptors)
What is meant by the term ‘sensory adaptation’?
receptors become less sensitive due to repeated stimulation
Retina, iris, pupil, cochlea, ossicles, semi-circular canals functions
Iris - muscle that constricts/relaxes to let less/more light into pupil
Retina - Receives both electrical and chemical signals for the brain to perceive a visual picture
Pupil - lets light into your eye
cochlea - participates in the process of auditory transduction
Ossicles - connect the tympanic membrane to the inner ear allowing for the transmission of sound waves
semi-circular canals - Senses head movements
