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Rise and Fall of Fascist Italy - 1911-46 > Mussolini's Rise to Power > Flashcards

Mussolini's Rise to Power Flashcards

1
Q

Why was Mussolini expelled from the PSI?

A

He was pro-interventionist

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2
Q

When did Mussolini establish the Fasci di Combattimento?

A

23rd March 1919

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3
Q

What did Mussolini want ex-soldiers to recreate in Italy to give unity to the country?

A

Trincerocrazia (feeling of unity in the trenches)

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4
Q

What, according to Mussolini, should be the only division in post-war Italy?

A

Between those who fought in WW1 and those who stayed at home.

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5
Q

In June 1919, what were the Fascists’ aims?

A
  • Confiscation of church property
  • suffrage for women
  • nationalisation of armament industry
  • Confiscation of profits from companies who made huge profits during the war.
  • Abolish monarchy and senate
  • 8 hour working day
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6
Q

How many members did the Fasci di Combattimento have by June 1920?

A

3000

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7
Q

Why were the Fascists known as blackshirts?

A

Many had been arditi (Italian elite troops) who wore black uniforms so they continued to wear black.

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8
Q

Who commanded squads?

A

a ras

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9
Q

Who supplied many of the weapons carried by the Squadristi?

A

the Police

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10
Q

What happened on the 15th April 1919?

A

A squad of 200-300 attacked a socialist demostartion in Milan and burnt down the Avanti offices. 3 socialists and 1 fascist were killed.

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11
Q

How many seat did the Fascist win in the 1921 elections?

A

35

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12
Q

When did Mussolini announce the New Programme?

A

May 1920

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13
Q

What were the aims of the New Programme?

A

Move to the right: obligatory military service, education system designed to produce future soldiers, the unification of the irredente lands and pro-industrialist. No longer anti-clerical or republican.

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14
Q

What was agreed in July 1921 to end fascist violence against socialists?

A

Pact of Pacification

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15
Q

When did Mussolini resign as leader of Fasci di Combattimento?

A

18th August 1921

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16
Q

When was the Pact of Pacification ended?

A

November 1921

17
Q

When was the PNF set up?

A

October 1921

18
Q

What did PNF membership grow from in 1921 to 1922?

A

200,000 to 300,000

19
Q

Who did the Fascist go into coalition with in 1921?

A

Giolitti

20
Q

What did Mussolini do to gain support of Catholics in November 1921?

A

He declared his opposition to divorce.

21
Q

How did the new Pope, Puis XI help the PNF?

A

He supported the PNF over the PPI.

22
Q

Why did workers join the PNF?

A

They were attracted by the promise of fair wages.

23
Q

What did the PNF set up which attracted conservatives?

A

Fascists syndicates to replace socialist and Catholic trade unions.

24
Q

When did Mussolini announce his plan for a march on Rome to take power by violence?

A

24th October 1922 at the Fascist Party Conference

25
Q

How many Fascists assembled on the 27th October 1922?

A

10,000 of planned 50,000

26
Q

Why didn’t all the Squadrisiti come to Rome on the 27th?

A

There was bad weather and some train lines had been sabotaged.

27
Q

How did the government know of the Fascist march?

A

Some local Fascist branches had taken over local government buildings and had got messages of the march to Rome.

28
Q

Facta’s government resigned but Facta was asked to stay on to rule - what did he ask King Victor Emmanuel II to declare?

A

Martial law

29
Q

When did the King declare martial law ? And when did he change his mind?

A

2 am on the 28th Oct.
9 am the same day.

30
Q

Who couldn’t get enough support to form a government?

A

Salandra

31
Q

When did Salandra recommend that the King appoint Mussolini as PM?

A

29th October 1922

32
Q

When was Mussolini sworn in as PM, interior minister and foreign minister?

A

31st October 1922

33
Q

What happened after Mussolini became PM?

A

50,000 blackshirts marched on Rome.

Rise and Fall of Fascist Italy - 1911-46 (8 decks)

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