Impact of WW1

Question 1

Who signed the Treaty of London on the 26th April 1915?

Answer 1

Salandra

Question 2

Why didn’t Italy have to join WW1 in 1914 with the Triple Alliance?

Answer 2

Austria-Hungary hadn’t consulted Italy before declaring war.

Question 3

What did the Treaty of London promise Italy if it was victorious?

Answer 3

The Irredente lands - South Tyrol, Trentino, Istria, Trieste and much of Dalmatia.

Question 4

Who was against Italian involvement in the war?

Answer 4

PSI and Pope (thereby Catholics)

Question 5

How many deputies (including Giolitti) announced their opposition to the Treaty of London?

Answer 5

300

Question 6

When did Salandra resign?

Answer 6

13th May 1915

Question 7

Who did the King ask to replace Salandra?

Answer 7

Giolitti

Question 8

When was Salandra reinstated?

Answer 8

16th May

Question 9

When was Salandra given emergency powers?

Answer 9

20th May

Question 10

When did Italy declare war on Austria?

Answer 10

25th May 1915

Question 11

How many vehicles did Fiat produce in 1918?

Answer 11

25,000

Question 12

What did Dallolio (minister for Munitions) introduce to increase productivity?

Answer 12

Increased recruitment of women and peasants, increased working hours, banned strikes and introduced military tribunals for workers.

Question 13

Which battle was a success for Italy and split the Austrian army? And when?

Answer 13

Vittorio Veneto - Oct. 1918

Question 14

When did Austria sign an Armistice, ending war in Italy?

Answer 14

4th November 1918

Question 15

What did General Diaz do to improve morale?

Answer 15

Increased rations and promised land reforms.

Question 16

What killed thousands of soldiers during a stalemate on the Austrian border?

Answer 16

Cholera and frostbite

Question 17

What happened at Caporetto?

Answer 17

In Oct 1917, the Italian army was humilatingly defeated with 10,000 dead and thousands deserting.

Question 18

Which commander believed in harsh punsihment and was replaced in 1917 by Diaz?

Answer 18

Supreme Commander Luigi Cardonna

Question 19

Who was arrested after Caporetto?

Answer 19

PSI leaders

Question 20

What policy had the PSI followed towards the war?

Answer 20

‘neither support nor sabotage’ - didn’t vote for war credits.

Question 21

When was bread and pasta rationed?

Answer 21

1917

Question 22

How many were killed in protests in Turin in 1917 against the war and bread shortages?

Answer 22

50

Question 23

Why was the Treaty of London declared null and void in 1917?

Answer 23

The US joined the war on the condition that all past treaties were null and void and that peace treaties would respect their values of self determination.

Question 24

Who walked out of the Paris Peace conference?

Answer 24

Orlando

Question 25

What area did Italy not get as part of the Paris peace treaty?

Answer 25

The port of Fiume

Question 26

Who claimed the Port of Fiume for Italy and occupied it for a year (1919-20)?

Answer 26

D’Annunzio

Question 27

What did national debt increase from and to, due to the war?

Answer 27

16 billion lire to 85 billion lire (1914-9)

Question 28

How many were unemployed by 1919?

Answer 28

2 million

Question 29

How many people were members of trade unions by 1920?

Answer 29

2 million

Question 30

What did 1919-20 become known as due to strikes and protests across Italy?

Answer 30

Biennio Rosso (2 red years)

Question 31

In 1919, all men over 21 and all former soldiers could vote - how many more voters were there?

Answer 31

11 million

Question 32

Who won the 1919 elections? With what percentage?

Answer 32

PSI - 32.4% (156 seats)

Question 33

How many seats did the Catholics win in the 1919 elections?

Answer 33

101 seats

Question 34

Why did the liberals form a government under Nitti in 1919 despite not winning a majority?

Answer 34

The PPI and PSI refused to work together.

Question 35

When did Giolitti become PM again?

Answer 35

June 1920 - after Nitti’s government fell.