Impact of WW1 Flashcards
Who signed the Treaty of London on the 26th April 1915?
Salandra
Why didn’t Italy have to join WW1 in 1914 with the Triple Alliance?
Austria-Hungary hadn’t consulted Italy before declaring war.
What did the Treaty of London promise Italy if it was victorious?
The Irredente lands - South Tyrol, Trentino, Istria, Trieste and much of Dalmatia.
Who was against Italian involvement in the war?
PSI and Pope (thereby Catholics)
How many deputies (including Giolitti) announced their opposition to the Treaty of London?
300
When did Salandra resign?
13th May 1915
Who did the King ask to replace Salandra?
Giolitti
When was Salandra reinstated?
16th May
When was Salandra given emergency powers?
20th May
When did Italy declare war on Austria?
25th May 1915
How many vehicles did Fiat produce in 1918?
25,000
What did Dallolio (minister for Munitions) introduce to increase productivity?
Increased recruitment of women and peasants, increased working hours, banned strikes and introduced military tribunals for workers.
Which battle was a success for Italy and split the Austrian army? And when?
Vittorio Veneto - Oct. 1918
When did Austria sign an Armistice, ending war in Italy?
4th November 1918
What did General Diaz do to improve morale?
Increased rations and promised land reforms.
What killed thousands of soldiers during a stalemate on the Austrian border?
Cholera and frostbite
What happened at Caporetto?
In Oct 1917, the Italian army was humilatingly defeated with 10,000 dead and thousands deserting.
Which commander believed in harsh punsihment and was replaced in 1917 by Diaz?
Supreme Commander Luigi Cardonna
Who was arrested after Caporetto?
PSI leaders
What policy had the PSI followed towards the war?
‘neither support nor sabotage’ - didn’t vote for war credits.
When was bread and pasta rationed?
1917
How many were killed in protests in Turin in 1917 against the war and bread shortages?
50
Why was the Treaty of London declared null and void in 1917?
The US joined the war on the condition that all past treaties were null and void and that peace treaties would respect their values of self determination.
Who walked out of the Paris Peace conference?
Orlando
What area did Italy not get as part of the Paris peace treaty?
The port of Fiume
Who claimed the Port of Fiume for Italy and occupied it for a year (1919-20)?
D’Annunzio
What did national debt increase from and to, due to the war?
16 billion lire to 85 billion lire (1914-9)
How many were unemployed by 1919?
2 million
How many people were members of trade unions by 1920?
2 million
What did 1919-20 become known as due to strikes and protests across Italy?
Biennio Rosso (2 red years)
In 1919, all men over 21 and all former soldiers could vote - how many more voters were there?
11 million
Who won the 1919 elections? With what percentage?
PSI - 32.4% (156 seats)
How many seats did the Catholics win in the 1919 elections?
101 seats
Why did the liberals form a government under Nitti in 1919 despite not winning a majority?
The PPI and PSI refused to work together.
When did Giolitti become PM again?
June 1920 - after Nitti’s government fell.
