Italy - The Liberal State Flashcards
What is Fascism?
An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organisation.
Which politican wanted to create an independent Italian state in the North and Centre?
Cavour
In which year was the new Italian state declared in Turin?
1861
What forced France to remove its troops from Rome which had been protecting it?
The Franco-Prussian war
When was Rome declared captial of the Italian state?
1871
How did illiteracy rates differ in the north and south?
Higher in the south - 58% in Sicily and only 11% in Piedmont.
In which year did an Italian PM first visit the south?
1903
What was the constitution of the new Italian state?
It was determined from the Piedmontese 1848 constitution called the ‘Statuto Albertino’. It set out: equality before the law, rights of free assembly, free press and a monarchy with an elected parliament.
What was the role of the King?
He could appoint/dismiss ministers and senators (who were appointed for life), controlled foreign policy and was the head of state.
What was the PM’s role?
The prime minister dealt with everyday affairs and was head of the government which was made up of deputies from the chamber of deputies.
What was the chamber of deputies?
The chamber of deputies was the parliament and was elected every 5 years.
What percentage of the population could vote before and after 1882?
Before - 2%
After - 25%
When did most adult men get the vote?
1912
How many governments were there between 1870 and 1915?
20
How many changes of PM were there between 1870-1922?
29
In which election was PR introduced?
1913
How many seats did the PSI have in 1913?
79
Who was leader of the PSI and what did he focus on?
Turati - improving urban and rural living conditions, trade unions, and land reform
When were Catholic allowed to participate in elections to prevent socialists from winning?
1904
When was the ANI formed?
1910
Who was the ‘Master of Transformismo’?
Giolitti
What social reforms did Giolitti introduce to appeased the PSI?
Complusory accident insurance (1898), banned under-12s from working (1901) and arbitration courts for industrial disputes (1906).
What did Giolitti say the Church and State’s relationship should be? And when?
Parrallel lines (1904)
Why did the Catholics support the invasion of Libya?
They had invested money in the Banco di Roma which had a bank in Tripoli since 1907.
When did Italy invade Libya?
September 1911
When did the Ottomans surrender Libya to the Italians?
8th Oct. 1912
How many troops had to be kept in Libya to control the population?
50,000
What was the pact which Giolitti signed with the Catholic and what did it agree?
Gentiloni Pact - Giolitti would support Catholic schools and oppose the divorce law in return for Catholic electoral support.
What was Red Week?
In 1914 there were a series of socialist and anarchist protests against the liberal state. 3 PSI protester were killed by police.
What was campanillismo?
The feeling of loyalty to your region rather than the new Italian state.
What was irredentism?
The feeling that Italy’s unification was incomplete.
How many strikes were there from 1901-11?
1500
When did Italy join the Triple Alliance in response to the French claiming land in North Africa?
1882
When was the Battle of Adowa?
1896
