Italy - The Liberal State

Question 1

What is Fascism?

Answer 1

An authoritarian and nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organisation.

Question 2

Which politican wanted to create an independent Italian state in the North and Centre?

Answer 2

Cavour

Question 3

In which year was the new Italian state declared in Turin?

Answer 3

1861

Question 4

What forced France to remove its troops from Rome which had been protecting it?

Answer 4

The Franco-Prussian war

Question 5

When was Rome declared captial of the Italian state?

Answer 5

1871

Question 6

How did illiteracy rates differ in the north and south?

Answer 6

Higher in the south - 58% in Sicily and only 11% in Piedmont.

Question 7

In which year did an Italian PM first visit the south?

Answer 7

1903

Question 8

What was the constitution of the new Italian state?

Answer 8

It was determined from the Piedmontese 1848 constitution called the ‘Statuto Albertino’. It set out: equality before the law, rights of free assembly, free press and a monarchy with an elected parliament.

Question 9

What was the role of the King?

Answer 9

He could appoint/dismiss ministers and senators (who were appointed for life), controlled foreign policy and was the head of state.

Question 10

What was the PM’s role?

Answer 10

The prime minister dealt with everyday affairs and was head of the government which was made up of deputies from the chamber of deputies.

Question 11

What was the chamber of deputies?

Answer 11

The chamber of deputies was the parliament and was elected every 5 years.

Question 12

What percentage of the population could vote before and after 1882?

Answer 12

Before - 2%
After - 25%

Question 13

When did most adult men get the vote?

Answer 13

1912

Question 14

How many governments were there between 1870 and 1915?

Answer 14

20

Question 15

How many changes of PM were there between 1870-1922?

Answer 15

29

Question 16

In which election was PR introduced?

Answer 16

1913

Question 17

How many seats did the PSI have in 1913?

Answer 17

79

Question 18

Who was leader of the PSI and what did he focus on?

Answer 18

Turati - improving urban and rural living conditions, trade unions, and land reform

Question 19

When were Catholic allowed to participate in elections to prevent socialists from winning?

Answer 19

1904

Question 20

When was the ANI formed?

Answer 20

1910

Question 21

Who was the ‘Master of Transformismo’?

Answer 21

Giolitti

Question 22

What social reforms did Giolitti introduce to appeased the PSI?

Answer 22

Complusory accident insurance (1898), banned under-12s from working (1901) and arbitration courts for industrial disputes (1906).

Question 23

What did Giolitti say the Church and State’s relationship should be? And when?

Answer 23

Parrallel lines (1904)

Question 24

Why did the Catholics support the invasion of Libya?

Answer 24

They had invested money in the Banco di Roma which had a bank in Tripoli since 1907.

Question 25

When did Italy invade Libya?

Answer 25

September 1911

Question 26

When did the Ottomans surrender Libya to the Italians?

Answer 26

8th Oct. 1912

Question 27

How many troops had to be kept in Libya to control the population?

Answer 27

50,000

Question 28

What was the pact which Giolitti signed with the Catholic and what did it agree?

Answer 28

Gentiloni Pact - Giolitti would support Catholic schools and oppose the divorce law in return for Catholic electoral support.

Question 29

What was Red Week?

Answer 29

In 1914 there were a series of socialist and anarchist protests against the liberal state. 3 PSI protester were killed by police.

Question 30

What was campanillismo?

Answer 30

The feeling of loyalty to your region rather than the new Italian state.

Question 31

What was irredentism?

Answer 31

The feeling that Italy’s unification was incomplete.

Question 32

How many strikes were there from 1901-11?

Answer 32

1500

Question 33

When did Italy join the Triple Alliance in response to the French claiming land in North Africa?

Answer 33

1882

Question 34

When was the Battle of Adowa?

Answer 34

1896