Consolidation of Power Flashcards
What did Mussolini do in 1922 to appease ruling elites and reassure industrialists?
Appoint De’Stefanni as finance minister (orthodox economist).
How did Mussolini appease the Catholic Church?
Increased clerical pay, put crucifixes in schools and had 2 PPI members in his cabinet.
When was the ANI absorbed into the PNF?
28th October 1922
How was Mussolini’s cabinet made up?
4 Liberals, 4 Fascists, 2 PPI members, 2 members of the army and 1 ANI member.
When was the Acerbo Law passed?
November 1923
What was the Acerbo Law?
Set out that the largest party (which got at least 25%) would get 2/3 of seats in the Chamber of Deputies.
In elections in April 1924, what percentage of seats did the PNF get?
66.3% (Acerbo Law wasn’t necessary).
When did Mussolini set up the Fascist Grand Council?
December 1922
When did the Fascist Grand Council set up the MVSN?
January 1923
When did PSU leader Matteotti give an impassioned speech about violence and corruption during the 1924 election?
30th May 1924
When was Matteotti kidnapped ?
10th June 1924
Why was the kidnapping of Matteotti traced to Mussolini?
It was done in broad daylight and the car belonged to his press secretary.
Who called for Mussolini’s dismissal?
Some liberals incl. Salandra, PSI, and PCI.
When was the Aventine Succesion and how many deputies left?
13th June 1924, 100 deputies.
How did Mussolini reassure elites after the Matteotti Crisis?
He made Federoni interior minister and Rocco foreign minister. He also sacked De Bono and Rossi who had been implicated in Matteotti’s murder.
When did Mussolini announce his personal dictatorship?
3rd Jan. 1925
Who did Mussolini appoint as party secretary in Feb. 1925?
Farrancci
What did Farrancci do?
He diluted the power of the squads, increased party membership to 938,000 and purged the party of those who didn’t agree with Mussolini.
What did Mussolini do after Zaniboni was arrested for attempting to assainate him in August 1925?
The Press Law - a press would be supervised by the state), sacked public employees who didn’t support the PNF and banned the PSU.
When was the Palazzo-Vidoni Pact which meant that Fascist Unions became the sole representation for workers?
2nd October 1925
When were all the Squadrisiti absorbed into the MVSN?
October 1925
What did Mussolini call himself from Dec. 1925?
Head of Government and Duce of Fascism
What power was Mussolini given in January 1926?
Rule by decree
Following an assaination attempt what did Mussolini do in Oct. 1926?
Banned all political parties bar the PNF.
What did Mussolini set up to prosecute anti-fascists?
Special Tribunals for the Defence of the State with no right to appeal.
What were mayors replaced with?
Podestas appointed by prefect who were themselves appointed by the government.
Who would take precedence in a conflict between prefects and ras?
Prefects
