muslim jewish Flashcards
Muslims, Jews, Hindus, Sikhs & Buddhists will comprise 10% of Canada’s population,
up from 6 % on the 2001 census.
Muslims now comprise the second largest religious group among immigrants, after
Catholics: 15 per cent of the total
i
function of religion
to explain the inexplicable- sense of comfort
what is the western world religion
judaism, christianity, islam
Equated with the worship of a single God and the belief that the God is omnipotent
and omniscient
the eastern world religion
hinduism, buddhism
Hinduism and Buddhism are common
Principal goal is deliverance, or liberation, of the immortal human soul from the
bondage of the body
how many Muslims, Jews, Hindus, Sikhs & Buddhists by 2017
10% of the population, up from 6 in 2006
what is the second largest religion among immigrants after catholics
15% of total is muslim
what is the second largest religion in the world
islam
islam
Islam (meaning “submission”) is not only a religion but also a way of
life
Follower is called a Muslim
Mohammed was Islam’s founder
Qur’an (Koran or Quran) holds the most sacred writings
Muslims believe in one true God, Allah
in 2011 how many muslums
940 000 2.8%
Five Pillars of Islam
Faith “There is no God but Allah” Prayer 5 times daily, facing Mecca Almsgiving To help the poor, share Fasting A religious obligation Pilgrimage to Mecca Once in a lifetime
what are the sects of islam
Sunni, largest group
Caliphate an elected to be occupied by a member of the tribe of Mohammed
Shi’ia, second largest group
Emam a Godgiven office for descendants of Mohammed
Shiites primarily in Iran, Iraq, Yemen, Lebonan and India.
Khawarij
Caliph is open to any believer whom the faithful consider fit
Eastern Arabia and North Africa.
Sufis
Ascetic mystics who seek a close union with God now
3% of Muslims, many outside mainstream Islam (dont believe in war or borders)
Bahá’ís: 46600 in 2005- westernized version- adaptable
haram
unlawful and prohibited
haram
unlawful and prohibited All swine 4-footed animals that catch their prey with their mouths Birds of prey By-products of these animals ◦ Pork gelatin ◦ Enzymes used in cheese making Any questionable by-product is avoided Improperly slaughtered animals Slaughter similar to that of Jewish laws Name of God said at the instant of slaughter Fish & seafood are exempt Can eat meat slaughtered by Muslims, Jews, or Christians? Cannot eat meat where any name other than God’s mentioned during slaughter Blood and blood products Alcoholic beverages Fermented foods Intoxicating drugs Unless medically necessary Use of stimulants discouraged Coffee and tea No smoking
Halal
• Halal means permissible and lawful for Muslims according to Islamic Law (Sharia)
• Halal food is gaining world wide recognition as healthy and hygienic food.
Halal is a Quranic term which means allowed or lawful.
Eating Halal is obligatory on every Muslim. Following are the different
Halal food items:
• All plant and their products
• Halal slaughtered meat, poultry, game birds and Halal
• All water creatures, fish, crustaceans and mollusks
• Eggs from acceptable birds only
• slaughtered calves
• Gelatin produced from Halal Bovine & Ovine bones or skins
Makrooh
h means disliked, hated or detested. It is used in reference to actions and deeds that are
referred to negatively in the sunnah or the Quran. E.g. growing long finger nails
Mushbooh
is doubtful and questionable (Shubah/ suspected) - the main domain for halal certification.
Mushbooh
is doubtful and questionable (Shubah/ suspected) - the main domain for halal certification. Mashbooh: food that is questionable ◦ Encouraged to avoid May consume mashbooh or haram ◦ If food is taken by mistake ◦ When forced by others ◦ Fear of dying by hunger or disease
Eid al-Fitr
Celebrates the end of Ramadan
Eid al-Azha
Meat is killed and distributed to the needy in the family or in the
community
Shab-i-Barat
Fireworks mark this night when God determines the actions of every
person for the upcoming year
Nau-Roz, New Year’s Day
primarily celebrated by Iranians/Persians
Maulud n’Nabi
birthday of Mohammad
Other Feast Days
Births Marriages When a child begins reading the Quranic alphabet Bismillah Circumcision of boy Harvest Death
Fast Month: Ramadan
Self-control No food No drink No smoking No sex Dawn to sunset Fast broken with liquid and an simple food ( dates) ◦ Often with family and friends Dates change each year – it is a full month- the lenghs of the day changes example in the summer have to wait till sun goes down
hwo must fast
All Muslims past puberty (15)
If exempt, must make up days before next Ramadan.
◦ Individuals with a recoverable illness
◦ People traveling
◦ Women during pregnancy, lactation, or menstruation
◦ Elders who are physically unable to fast
◦ Insane people
◦ Those engaged in hard labor
Other fast days encouraged
Never fast excessively or on Fridays
Judaism
Jewish religion estimated as 4,000 years old
Two sects developed
Ashkenazi
Germany, eastern Europe foods
Sephardim (called Misrahi in Israel)
southern Europe, Middle Eastern countries foods
Hebrew Bible, particularly first five books (Torah), are the
cornerstone
The Torah sets down the Ten Commandments; describes right way
to prepare food, give to charity, and conduct one’s life in all ways
what are the two sects
ashkenazi - more common
sephardim
jewish populatoin
2020: 381,000
Jewish Dietary law
Kashrut Food Laws
These are the religious laws that tell Jews what they can and cannot eat.
Food eaten reflects area of origin
Set down in the Torah, explained in the Talmud
Kosher:
fit to eat
Glatt kosher:
strictest kosher standards
what is the point of kosher
For spiritual health, not physical health
- Which animals are permitted for
food & which are not:
All mammals with a completely cloven foot & chews the cud may be eaten & their milk may be consumed
◦ Clean animals include cattle, deer, goats, oxen, sheep
◦ Unclean include swine, rabbits, carnivorous animals
Clean birds must have a crop, gizzard, & extra talon & their eggs may be consumed
◦ Ex: Chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys
◦ All birds of prey are unclean
Fish: Everything with fins and scales is clean
Smoked salmon: lox
Born with scales and then loses them
Unclean include catfish, eels, rays, sharks, & all shellfish
Sturgeon and caviar is disputed
All reptiles, amphibians, & invertebrates are also unclean
Methods of slaughtering animals
Life must be taken by ritualistic process called shehitah
A shohet is trained & licensed to perform the killing
Slits jugular & trachea
Blood is all drained
No natural death, road kill, or killed by any other method allowed
Examination of the slaughtered animal
No blemishes in the meat or organs
No disease anywhere
If so, rendered trefah
Unfit for consumption
trefah
unfit for consumption
Parts of a permitted animal that are
forbidden
Blood Heleb Fat not intermingled with flesh A separate layer that may be encrusted with skin or membrane Can easily be peeled off Only against four-footed animals
. Preparation of the meat
Remove heleb, blood, blood vessels, & sciatic nerve
Called koshering/kashering
◦ Soak meat in water
◦ Drain
◦ Cover with kosher salt to draw out blood
◦ Rinse out salt
◦ Rinse repeatedly
Liver must be cut, rinsed several times & broiled or grilled to grey-white color
The law of meat and milk
!!!!!!!!!exam q
Meat: fleischig
Dairy: milchig
Cannot eat these together
◦ Eating meat: six hours before eating dairy
◦ Dairy products: one hour before meat
Olives are dairy if prepared with lactic acid
Rennet from calf must be used for cheeses
Separate sets of dishes, pots, utensils, linens, sinks, etc. for meat and dairy
◦ Tevilah: ritual purification of metal or glass pots, dishes and utensils
Pareve: Neutral - eggs, fruits, vegetables, and grains
Products of forbidden animals
Products of unclean animals are forbidden
Exception: Honey is fine, bees aren’t
Assumed to not contain any insect parts
Where does gelatin come from?
Processed pig or beef bones &/or skin
It must be from a clean animal to be Koshe
Examination for insects & worms
Must be inspected carefully for insects
Washed twice
Examined before eaten
Can get Kosher-produce
Kosher products will have insignia or the authority’s name on package
religious holidays
Sabbath:Day of rest ◦ Friday night till after nightfall Saturday ◦ All cooked meals prepared before Friday Challah, cholent, kugel Rosh Hashanah:Jewish New Year ◦ All foods consumed are symbolic ◦ Round challah Life without end Uninterrupted year of health and happiness ◦ No sour or bitter foods Apples in honey Special sweets and delicacies
Yom Kippur
Yom Kippur: Day of Atonement Holiest day of the year ◦ 10 days after Rosh Hashanah ◦ Usually in September or October Complete fast day ◦ No food or water ◦ Medications only Meal before fast is bland to prevent thirst Meal to break fast is light
Sukkot:
Sukkot: Feast of Tabernacles
◦ Festival of thanksgiving in fall
◦ Much dancing, singing, feasting
◦ Sukkah (hut) built and meals taken there
Hanukkah:
Hanukkah: the Festival of Lights ◦ Commemorates the recapture of the Temple in Jerusalem ◦ 8 nights in December ◦ Candle lit each night ◦ Foods cooked in oil Latkes: potato pancakes
Purim:
Purim: Happy celebration in February or March ◦ Feast in honor of deliverance by Queen Esther Dress in disguise Lots of meat and alcohol Symbolic foods ◦ Hamantaschen ◦ Kreplach ◦ Purim challah ◦ Special fish dish ◦ Seeds, beans, and cereals
Passover:
Passover: 8 Day festival of spring & freedom Celebrates the Jewish exodus from Egypt All foods must be “Kosher for Passover” Forbidden foods Wheat, barley, rye, oats Anything leavened Legumes, corn, millet, mustard Malt liquor, beer Festive meal ◦ Chicken soup ◦ Meat or chicken Set with best silverware and china Candles Kosher wine Haggadah ◦ The Seder book Matzot (3 pieces of Matzah) covered separately Seder Plate
the seder plate
Roasted shank bone Z’roah Paschal lamb Roasted egg Beitzah Required offering Mourning for the loss of the Temple in Jerusalem Bitter herbs Marror Bitter suffering Apples, nuts, cinnamon, wine ◦ Haroset ◦ Mortar that built pyramids Greens with salt water ◦ Karpas ◦ Meager diet ◦ Tears shed Special cup for Elijah
Shavout:
Shavout: Season of giving the Torah Two-day festival 7 weeks after second day of the Passover. Traditional Ashkenazi foods Blintzes Kreplach Knishes
Fast Days
Several other than Yom Kippur Sunrise to sunset Fasts can be broken Women who are pregnant or nursing are exempt Others to whom it may be hazardous
who fasts
EVERYONE except: Boys under 13 Girls under 12 Persons who are very ill Women in childbirth Sunset to sunset
nutritional status
Jewish people are considered an ethnic group
Ashkenazi Jewish people
Sixty to eighty percent are lactose intolerant
Genetic predisposition to inflammatory bowel disease
