immigration culture Flashcards
what are some push factors to come to canada
war, family, search for better life
how many immigrants go to vancover, montreal toronto
Primary reasons immigrants choose Canada:
Quality of life‐32%
A desire to be closer to family & friends‐20%
Future prospects for their family ‐18%
The peaceful nature of the country‐9%
Majority of immigrants in Canada settle in medium
to large urban areas
Combined pops of Montreal, Toronto & Vancouver make up 34%
of Canada & 69% of Canada’s immigrants
Immigrants choose Toronto for job op
what are some pull factors
education, job op
when were there the most immigration
400 000 in 1910ish due to war
in recession in 1940- almost nothing
from 1960 pretty steady 250 000 a year
where are most immigrants from-
asia and middle east, africa
in saskatchewan where are the most from
europe then sia and middle east
how has immigrants with degreesn changed from the 90s
recent immigrant are around 50% while Canadian borns is around 20- in health care we need to kknow that they are likely very educated - treat them equal
after immigration what happens with their health
gets worse in canada over time
Barriers to the health care systems
for immigrants
Decrease in socioeconomic status,
• Loss of social networks,
• Poor working conditions associated with ‘deskilling’
– We don’t recognize an immigrant’s education, (exmaple doctors come over and need to wait a couple years and take tests and become delivery men)
• Difficulty speaking the country’s native language
• Low cultural competency of health care providers – Cross‐cultural adaptations , insufficient for many translated health assessment scales
cultural competency
when doctirs arent familiar with their traditional health practices • If healthcare providers & their patients are to
interact effectively, they must move beyond both
cultural sensitivity & cultural biases that create
barriers.
• A culturally competent clinician views all patients as
unique individuals & realizes that their experiences,
beliefs, values, and language affect their perceptions
of clinical service delivery, acceptance of a diagnosis,
and compliance. Cultural competency is the ability to
think,
feel
act
in ways that acknowledge, respect, & build
upon ethnic, (socio) cultural, and linguistic
diversity,”
barrieres to health care
gender, cultural competencies, lack of familiarity. cost, work/transportation/ child car challenges
how can we improve access to care
identify stakeholders, equity not equality
culture blocks to cross- cultural relationship
ehtnocentrism, stereotype, blindness (we dont know how to act with them), imposition, fear, lack of experiences, discrimination, opression, prejudice
the stages of cultural awareness
blindness (unconciously unaware)to sensitivity (consciously unaware) to competence( counsiouly aware) to proficiency (uncounsiously aware)
lack of cultural knowledge associates with
lack of active compliance,
– social resistance
– legal challenges
Why is cultural competency so
important?
• Cultural competence is important because:
– It reduces disparities in health services and
increases detection of culture specific diseases
– It addresses inequitable access to primary health
care
– It impacts health status of culturally diverse
communities
– It responds to Saskatchewan’s changing
demographics – an increasingly diverse
population
Common Issues Impacting Access to Primary Health Care
Raised by Nova Scotia’s Culturally Diverse Communities
• Discrimination: 20% of first generation Canadians who are visibly
diverse report unfair treatment compared to 5% of first generation
Canadians who are not visibly diverse
• A lack of race, ethnic, & language specific health data
• Limited outreach to culturally diverse communities
• A need for cultural health interpretation and bilingual services in primary health care settings
• A need for more representation of culturally diverse communities among primary health care professions
• Too few health services provided in plain language
– Written health material are not always provided in plain language or different languages
• There is need for recognition and respect of the prominent role of
spirituality in many culturally diverse populations
• There is a need for delivery of culturally competent primary
health care
what is the Healthy immigrant effect)
The health status of immigrants is high upon
their arrival (Healthy immigrant effect) but
declines toward that of the Canadian‐born
population within only a few years
what are the theory of the healthy immigrant effects
• Perceived health (the way that you judge your health),
• Acculturation
• Improved access to healthcare over time post
entry
Interaction theory
health outcomes are influenced by
predisposing factors including genetics, pre‐
and post‐migration stressors and individual
and social resources
• ‘healthy immigrant effect’ is insufficient to
describe the complexity of issues immigrants
face upon migration
acculturation
• Acculturation
– Process by which immigrants adopt the attitudes,
values, customs, beliefs and behaviors of a new
culture
• Assumptions of most models
– Linear, directional:loss of original culture with
greater acculturation
– Conflict, anxiety
– Original cultural diminished
if high in 2 culture
bicultural
if high in native culture but not in new culture
unacultured
if low in native culture and high in new culture
acculturated
if low in both new and native
marginal
the acculturatoin curve
honey moone stage to the culture shock to the readjustment
dietary acculturation
The process by which immigrants adopt the
dietary practices of the host country. Immigration at amakes children more likely to
assimilate to a new culture
• Traditional food items: expensive or unavailable
• Western foods=high fat, sugar & salt, appeals to:
• Newcomer children: easily influenced
• Newcomer parents: value convenience & easy prep
• Results in predisposition to chronic conditions
what age group is most susseptible to acculturation
children, can pick it up faster, peer presuure, not much history of traditional practices
Acculturation and Health
• Acculturation to the majority culture in Western countries increases the likelihood of: – Becoming obese, – Increased blood cholesterol levels – Likelihood of developing hypertension – Heart disease – developing type 2 diabetes – Some cancers – Adolescent pregnancy – Smoking, alcohol consumption, illegal drug use – Decreased fiber consumption; calcium, Iron, protein – Increased fat and sodium intake – Depressive symptoms
immigrant vs. refugee
Immigrant Refugee Comes to a new country to take up permanent residence Choice Greater income Greater SES Higher education. has researched and prepared have a plan. refugees: persecuted for reason of race religion nationality member of a social group or political opinion unable or unwilling to return to country of birth due to fear for safety: no choice, little or no income , lower ses, little to no education
Health issues among immigrants
• Declines in self‐assessed physical and mental
health are observed amongst immigrants in as little as two years after arrival
• Within 4 years after arrival, the proportion of
immigrants reporting fair or poor health almost
triple.
• Objective measurements show declining health
among immigrants after arrival (e.g. chronic
conditions, prevalence obesity)
