MUSI 1307 - Test #1 Flashcards
Listening: hurdy-gurdy w/drum, Dorian
Beatriz de Dia: A chanter
—Troubaritz, female troubadour, a poem about a scorned lover, secular
Listening: rounds
Sumer is icumin in
—Earliest example of English Round or Rota; polyphonic; 13th Century
Listening: chant mono w/drone, Locrian
Hildegard von Bingen-chant
—Monophonic, melismatic, sacred but non-liturgical
Listening: digeridoo
Song of Roland
—Long, narrative epic or poem about going to battle with Charlemagne, strophic, secular
Listening: one instrument, re-te of Mixolydian
Epitaph of Seikilos - 1st century Greek song
—One of the oldest Greek compositions, found on the side of a road, in memoriam of the composer’s wife
All of the following types of evidence about musical culture from ancient civilizations survive
today EXCEPT
a. musical instruments. d. visual images of music-making.
b. notated music. e. writings about music.
c. recorded sound.
c. recorded sound.
________ is a type of music found in ancient Mesopotamia, but no longer used in Western
cultures today.
a. Dance music d. Music to accompany epic poetry
b. The funeral lament e. The nursery song
c. Military music
d. Music to accompany epic poetry
Scholars think that memory and improvisation played an important role in Greek
music-making because
a. ancient Greek writings explain techniques for playing by ear.
b. ancient Greek writings praise musicians for their excellent memories.
c. images of music-making from ancient Greece rarely show performers reading music.
d. no musical notation from ancient Greece survives.
e. the musical notation from ancient Greece provides chord progressions on which to improvise.
c. images of music-making from ancient Greece rarely show performers reading music.
In this image a woman is playing the
a. aulos. d. lyre.
b. bone flute. e. panpipes.
c. kithara
a. aulos
Plato asserted that music was an essential component of education because
a. music and poetry are inseparable.
b. music is enjoyable to listen to.
c. musicians were valued in society.
d. studying music helps to balance mental and physical activity.
e. studying music helps to understand mathematics.
d. studying music helps to balance mental and physical activity.
The names Cleonides used for octave species (Dorian, Phrygian, and Lydian) were
derived from
a. ethnic names originally associated with styles of music practiced in different regions
of Greece.
b. the Greek names of the pitches on which each scale began.
c. the Greek names of the planets.
d. the Greek words for the emotional states evoked by each scale.
e. revered Greek theorists, writers, and philosophers.
a. ethnic names originally associated with styles of music practiced in different regions
The Epitaph of Seikilos is a musical composition from
a. ancient Babylon. d. ancient Rome.
b. the Bronze Age. e. the Stone Age.
c. ancient Greece.
c. ancient Greece.
According to Aristotle, different kinds of melodies could cause the listener to experience
a. emotions. d. physical health.
b. hallucinations. e. religious epiphanies.
c. philosophical thoughts.
a. emotions.
All of the following wrote about Greek music EXCEPT
a. Aristides Quintilianus. d. Plato.
b. Aristotle. e. Pythagoras.
c. Orpheus.
c. Orpheus.
________ discovered the relationship between consonant intervals and mathematical ratios.
a. Aristotle d. Ptolmey
b. Aristoxenus e. Pythagoras
c. Plato
e. Pythagoras
The earliest surviving musical instruments were made from
a. bone. d. stone.
b. clay. e. wood.
c. metal.
a. bone.
Define perfect melos.
In ancient Greece, music as a performing art was known as melos. Perfect melos was melody, text, and stylized dance as a combined whole.
Define harmonia
The concept in Greek philosophy that the universe is an orderly, unified system integrating
everything from mathematical proportions, astronomy, philosophy, and social structures to a
person’s soul is called ________.
The ancient Greek notion that unheard music was produced by the revolutions of the planets
is known as ________.
the music of the spheres
Discuss how theories and practices of music-making in ancient Greece are similar to those
still in use today.
Much vocal melody is shaped by the rhythm and meter of word, if not as strictly as in Greek music; many styles genres still depend on memory and conventions, even as notation has developed; the idea that music is an orderly system that influences behavior, and thus changes in musical conventions threaten anarchy in society
What did the ancient Greeks believe about music’s relation to the behavior of the individual,
the functioning of a well-ordered society, and the motions of the planets?
music elicits emotions in humans and also affects ethical character; Harmonia: idea that studies such as math, philosophy, etc, unified with the human soul, and this was order in the universe - this connected music to astronomy, that movement of planets corresponded to notes, intervals, and scales
Popes and secular rulers from the eighth century on sought to standardize the Catholic
liturgy in order to
a. centralize political and spiritual authority.
b. create a sense of unity among congregants.
c. identify and persecute non-believers.
d. reunite the Eastern and Western Empires.
e. revive the ideas of the church fathers.
a. centralize political and spiritual authority.
The Holy Roman Empire was established when
a. Emperor Theodosius declared Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
b. Frankish king Pippin the Short brought the Roman liturgy and chant to his domain.
c. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, King of the Franks, emperor.
d. the Roman Empire fell.
e. the Roman Empire was partitioned into the Eastern and Western Empires.
c. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, King of the Franks, emperor.
The similarities and differences from phrase to phrase of this melody provide evidence that
a. chant melodies may have been composed using a pool of melodic contours and formulas.
b. early notation was only an approximate way of preserving chant melodies.
c. oral transmission was unreliable.
d. the melody resulted from a blend of various chant dialects.
e. the Schola Cantorum purposely taught the Franks incorrect melodies.
a. chant melodies may have been composed using a pool of melodic contours and formulas
Why did church musicians develop a system for notating chant?
a. It helped advance the goal of disseminating a unified liturgy.
b. The vast repertory was too difficult to learn by rote memorization.
c. They wanted congregants to be able to join in the singing.
d. They wanted it to be a secret repertory, available only to the literate.
e. They wanted to preserve the music for posterity.
a. It helped advance the goal of disseminating a unified liturgy.
The idea of staff lines and clefs was suggested by
a. Boethius. d. St. Gregory.
b. Guido of Arezzo. e. the Monks of Solesmes.
c. Martianus Capella.
b. Guido of Arezzo
The early church leaders discouraged the use of music for pleasure. T/F
T
The system of classifying Gregorian chants into eight church modes had its origins in Byzantine chant. T/F
T
This painting illustrates what legend?
It illustrates the legend that the Holy Spirit appeared in the form of a dove to St. Gregory and
dictated the repertory of Catholic chant to him.
Chant notation from the Middle Ages gives consistent indications of rhythmic values. T/F
F
Guido of Arezzo suggested an arrangement of lines and spaces in notation, using a link of red ink for F and of yellow ink for C. T/F
T
Today we think of music as an applied, practical, or performing art. Why did theorists in the Middle Ages consider it a
liberal art, along with such disciplines as dialectic (logic) and arithmetic?
Theorists in the Middle Ages thought more about the mathematical and philosophical aspects of music. They
thought about how ratios and proportions create consonances, dissonances, and tuning. They also thought about how
music can affect the body and soul, and how it would prepare the student for more advanced philosophical studies.
Music was an object of knowledge and inquiry.
This music theorist divided music into three categories: musica mundana (music of the universe), musica humana (human
music), and musica instrumentalis (instrumental music).
Boethius
Identify this image. How was it used?
This is the Guidonian Hand. It was used to teach music students how to find pitches of a melody on the system of
hexachords. It shows the solmization syllables for each note.
In what ways is the history of Western music indebted to and intertwined with Christianity?
The adoption by the church of Byzantinian church modes shows the desire to systematize the rep - this led to notation and solmisation
Discuss the role of memory and notation in the learning and performance of chant in the Middle Ages.
Originially oral transmission alone, words written down, existing melodies (must have been memorized and passed down) borrowed from pre-existing rep; Neumes, which notated melodic gestures, not specific pitches, had to be learned by ear and memorized in order to perform; from that Guido de Arezzo developed a four line sytem which allowed precise notation of pitches and intervals - this freed music from oral or aural transmission and memoriztion - a musician could learn a melody without having ever heard it before.
In the Medieval Christian church, the primary purpose of liturgical music was to
a. aid in the delivery of the text.
b. demonstrate the priests’ musical virtuosity.
c. enable congregants to participate in the service.
d. entertain the congregants who did not understand Latin.
e. imitate angels.
a. aid in the delivery of the text.
The style of this chant is best described as
a. melismatic. d. strophic.
b. neumatic. e. syllabic.
c. soloistic.
e. syllabic
The following is an example of
a. color. d. mensuration.
b. hocket. e. talea.
c. isorhythm.
b. hocket
From what manuscript did the image below come? How can you tell?
The image is from the Roman de Fauvel. The manuscript contains music, poetry, and images and tells the story of a horse named Fauvel. The horse appears in the center column at the top and bottom.
