MUS 3306 Elem Orch - Test #1

Question 1

Other Violin names

Answer 1

Geige

Question 2

Other Viola names

Answer 2

Alto/Bratsche

Question 3

Other Double bass names

Answer 3

Kontrabass

Question 4

Legato

Answer 4

Under one slur, one bow direction

Question 5

Détaché

Answer 5

(on-the-string technique); “detached” but not so detached or accented as staccato, separate bow stroke direction, can hear the articulation of the bow change (punta d’arco for “end” of bow = lighter)(down bow marking or “au talon” for frog/heavy)

Question 6

Martele or Marcato

Answer 6

(on-the-string technique); bow does not leave string, stop between notes, heavy accent

Question 7

Staccato (separate bow vs. slurred)

Answer 7

Stacatto (on-the-string technique)
1) Separate bow staccato (standard marked staccato)
2) Slurred staccato: similar to loure, one bow direction with space between the notes; natural crescendo from bow (dim/cresc) can create more phrase linearity

Question 8

Loure

Answer 8

or Portato; (on-the-string technique); “brush strokes,” connected, legato, stopping while remaining on the string (use slurs to show direction = dashes over or under note heads, while slurs show change of bowing direction

Question 9

Hooked bowing (see p 27, example 2-34)

Question 10

Spiccato

Answer 10

Spiccato/saltando (off-the-string technique)
“springing of the bow”

1) spiccato - conscious - determined by speed & lightness; notated by staccato dots
2) saltando - spontaneous - determined by speed & lightness; notated by staccato dots

Slurred spicato - staccato & slurred; spicato in one bow direction; similar to slurred stacatto but the bow comes off the string

Question 11

Jeté or Ricochet

Answer 11

Richochet - bouncing the string (3-6 notes on violin/viola; 3-4 on cello/bass

Question 12

Typical string range/open strings on each individual instrument
String designations (I, II, III, IV)

Answer 12

No more than 2 octaves above open string.
Violin (G3, D4, A4, E5)
Viola (C3, G3, D4, A4)
Cello (C2, G2, D3, A3)
Bass (E1, A1, D2, G2; C1 w/extension or 5-string)

IV-I low to high

Question 13

String section size:

Answer 13

First Violins 16-18 players
Second Violins 14-16
Violas 10-12
Cellos 10-12
Basses 8-10

Question 14

Measured Tremolo

Answer 14

Bowed; short hand for series of repeated detache notes; one or two slashes breaking up the beat into smaller durations (bar counts as one slash, so sixteenths w/slashes become unmeasured)

Question 15

Unmeasured Tremolo

Answer 15

Bowed; short quick up and down strokes repeating a single pitch AS MANY TIMES AS POSSIBLE during the length of a written note

Question 16

Fingered Tremolo

Answer 16

Equivalent of trill, but at an interval larger than m2/M2 (so the pitch needs to be notated); three slashes; can be slurred for single bow, or detache (no slur)

Question 17

Snap pizz. or “Bartok pizz.”

Answer 17

denoted by circle with vertical line at the top

Question 18

Left-hand pizz.

Answer 18

pizz with left hand while playing; denoted w/+ symbol

Question 19

Sordino (con sordino; senza sordino)

Answer 19

mute

Question 20

Scordatura

Answer 20

alternative tunings

Question 21

Sul tasto

Answer 21

toward the fingerboard; flute-y, soft, hazy (also flautando)

Question 22

Sul ponticello

Answer 22

toward the bridge upper partials create glassy, metallic, errie sounds

Question 23

Col Legno

Answer 23

tapping (battato), bowing (tratto)

Question 24

Down Bow

Answer 24

pulling hand away from instrument; gets softer; more accented attack; typical played on downbeat pulses

Question 25

Up Bow

Answer 25

hand towards instrument; pushing; gets louder; natural crescendo; anacrusis

Question 26

Natural Harmonic

Answer 26

Only applies to open strings and the overtone series you get from that
-2nd partial (splitting string in 1/2 gives you an 8v when fingered) - harmonic will be 1st octave above open string
-3rd partial (splitting string in 1/3 gives you a P5 when fingered) - harmonic will be an octave plus a 5th above open string (12th)
-4th partial (splitting string in 1/4 gives you a P4 when fingered) - harmonic will be 2nd octave above open string
-5th partial (splitting string in 1/5 gives you a M3 when fingered) - harmonic will be M3 above 2nd octave above open string (17th)

Question 27

Artificial Harmonic

Answer 27

Touch 4 - two octaves up
Touch 5 - one octave + P5 up

Question 28

Double Stops

Answer 28

strings must be next to each other

Question 29

Multiple Stops

Answer 29

Only two at a time, three with pressure, four requires arpeggiating