Musculoskeletal Trauma & Orthopedic Surgery Flashcards
What is the most common cause of musculoskeletal injury ? (4)
Fracture
Dislocation
Subluxation
Soft tissue injury
We want to teach our patients the importance of reducing the risk of musculoskeletal injury and morbidity from these injuries why?
Because the cost, pain, and disability can be expensive and potentially lead to further complication
Some ways we can help protect our patients is by following safety precautions
Give me 2 examples for car
Give me 2 examples of exercise
Give me an example for construction
Wearing seat & following speed limit
Warm up before exercise &
Protective athletic equipment
Proper safety equipment
Prevention of musculoskeletal problems in older adults
How would we do this?
Using ramps instead of steps
No rugs
Treat pain & discomfort
Cane/walker
Exercise
Wear good shoes
Change position
Avoid walking on uneven/wet surfaces
What are the 4 related traumatic injuries for soft tissue?
Sprains
Strains
Dislocations
Subluxations
What is a sprain?
What type of motions?
How do we stage a sprain? (1-3)
Injury to the ligaments surrounding a joint
Caused by wrenching or twisting motion
1- mild, tear a few fibers
2- moderate, partial tear with involved tissue
3 - complete tear of ligament
What is a strain?
How to you stage a strain 1-3?
Excessive stretching of a muscle & tendon
1- mild slightly pulled muscle
2 - moderate, torn muscle
3 - severe, ruptured muscle
What are manifestations of sprains and strains ? (4)
Pain
Edema
Decrease function
bruising
How do we diagnosis a sprain and strain?
X- ray machine
What are complications of strains and sprains? (5)
Avulsion fracture
- ligament pull loose a fragment of bone
Subluxation
Dislocation
Hemarthrosis
- bleeding into joint
Surgical repair
Most of the time sprains and strains can be treated and are self limited, why?
Because we can easily rest and stay off our injury
What is the acute care we want to give to sprains and strains?
Acronym
And one more not apart of the acronym
RICE
rest
Ice - 24-48 hours & stop 20-30mins
Compression - bandages
Elevate - above the heart
Analgesia
Should ice go directly on the skin? Why or why not?
No because they could get frost bite if people have no sensation
If you’re putting a compression on, how many fingers should fit?
2 fingers
Emergency acute soft tissue injury
What is the initial goal?
(2)
Intact nervouvascular sensation
And not dislocated & fractures
What is dislocation?
Complete displacement or separation of the articulate surfaces of the joint
What is subluxation?
Partial or incomplete displacement of the joint surface, symptoms are less severe
Dislocations typically result from what?
Examples?
Forces on the joints that disrupt the surrounding soft tissue support structures
Thumbs, elbow, shoulder
What are symptoms of dislocation and subluxation? (5)
Deformity
Pain
Tenderness
Loss of function
Swelling
What are major complications of dislocation & subluxation? (2)
Define them
Intraarticular fractures ( open joint )
Avascular necrosis ( bone cell death from blood supply )
How do you diagnosis dislocation & subluxation (2)
X ray
Aspiration
( withdrawing fluid from the joint ^ )
Dislocation is a what emergency?
Why?
You can get what syndrome?
We might want to realignment dislocation
With what 2 surgeries?
And follow patients by?
Orthopedic
Risk for vascular injury & Avascular necrosis
Compartment syndrome
Closed reduction ( anesthesia )
Open reductiion
Imbolizes them
What are the nursing care for dislocation and subluxation? (4)
And what other things should we do (3)
Neurbascular assessment
Immbolization of joint
Pain management
Joint protecting
( gentle rom )
( rehabilitating )
( precent repeating dislocation )
What is a neurovascular assessment? (5)
Normal sensation
Skin is pink
Warm
Pulses
Pain is not abnormal related to injury
What is repetitive strain injury and cumulative trauma disorder?
Injured from prolonged force or repetitive movements and awkward postures
What are examples of Repetive strain injury? (2)
Tennis elbow
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Repetitive strain injury will have (4)
Inflammation
Swelling
Pain in muscle
Nerve pain
What are the 3 symptoms of repetition strain injury?
Pain
Weakness
Impaired motor function
How do we prevent repetitive strain injury?
Education & ergonomics ( science promote efficiency and safety )
How do we do treatment for repetitive strain injury? (3)
NSAIDs
Cold therapy
Physical therapy
What is carpal tunnel syndrome?
What are the 2 signs we can test for this and define them
Compression of median nerve
Tinel sign
- percussion over the medical nerve
Phalen sign
- back to back hands
( burning or tingling )
What is rotator cuff?
How do you tell this?
Damage to one or more of the 4 muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint
Sudden addiction while arm is abducted
What is bursitis ?
Inflammation of bursa
( sac of fluid but this sac of fluid will burst during injury & inflames )
What is meniscus injury?
Commonly associated with sports injures
Ligament sprains
What is anterior cruciate ligament injury?
Most commonly sports related knee injury
( think of tear acl )
What is the management of all the repetitive injuries just mentioned
(6)
Anterior cruciate ligament
Bursitis
Carpal tunnel
Rotator cuff
Meniscus injury
Prevention
Rice
Immobilizer
PT
Steroid injections
Surgery
