Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What do the bones do?
form the skeleton, support the body, protect vital organs, create blood cells, store calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium salts
What is the musculoskeletal system comprised of
muscles, joints, tendons, and ligaments
what does the musculoskeletal system do?
provides movement, form, strength, heat production, and proctection
shapes of bones
long or tubular short or cuboidal sesamoid flat irregular
long or tubular bones
named for elongated shape examples: femur and umerus
short or cuboidal bones
cube shaped, found in carpal bones of wrist and tarsal bones of ankle
sesamoid bones
short bone formed within tendons such as the patella
flat bones
consist of a layer of spongy bone between two thin layers of compact bone such as the skull and ribs
irregular
examples include zygoma and vertebrae
closed fracture
does not involve a break in the skin
compound fracture
projects through the skin increasing the possibility of infection
comminuted fracture
more than 2 separate bone components– segmental fracture, bony fragments
transverse fracture
breaks the shaft of a bone across the longitudinal axis
greenstick fracture
only one side of the shaft is broken, and the other is bent; common in children
spiral fracture
spread along length of the bone and produced by twisting stress
colles’ fracture
occurs in the wrist and affects the distal radius bone
compression fracture
occurs in the vertebrae and is subject to extreme stress
epiphyseal fracture
occurs where the matrix is undergoing calcification and chondrocytes are dying; usually seen in children
cartilage
non vascular, flexible connective tissue matrix mare of chrondrocytes, collagen, and glycosylated protein called proteglycan
joints
articulating surfaces, provide connection between two or more skeletal parts
types of joints
fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial
what is the most common type of joint
synovial; most joins are synovial and have articular cartilage that covers bone ends
what is the joint cavity lined with?
synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid that cushions the joint and allows smooth motions
what surrounds and provides the joint with stability
fibrous connective tissue, and accessory ligaments give reinforcement
what parts are the human skeleton divided into?
axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton
what does the axial skeleton consist of?
skull, hyoid, ribs, sternum, vertebrae, and sacrum
what does the appendicular skeleton consist of?
shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, and extremities
what are the types of muscle?
skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
what does the skeletal muscle do?
aka striated muscle, attached to the skeleton and the contraction of the skeletal muscle is voluntary
what does the smooth muscle do?
found in walls of all hollow organs in body (except the heart) contraction reduces the size of these structures, movement is generally considered involuntary
what does cardiac muscle do?
aka heart muscle, makes up walls of the heart
