Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

Oste/o

Answer 1

bone

Question 2

chondr/o

Answer 2

cartilage

Question 3

Arthr/o

Answer 3

joint

Question 4

Myel/o

Answer 4

bone marrow

Question 5

ten/o, tendin/o

Answer 5

tendon (binds muscle to bone) (tendons have poor blood supply which means it will take longer to heal)

Question 6

ligament/o

Answer 6

ligament (binds bone to bone)

Question 7

burs/o

Answer 7

Bursa (shock absorber between tendons and bontes)

Question 8

my/o, myos/o

Answer 8

muscle

Question 9

-malacia

Answer 9

softening

Question 10

-porosis

Answer 10

porous

Question 11

-asthenia

Answer 11

weakness

Question 12

-trophy

Answer 12

development, stimulation, maintenance

Question 13

-algia, algesia

Answer 13

pain

Question 14

arthritis

Answer 14

As we age, our joint tissues become less resilient to wear and tear and start to degenerate manifesting as swelling, pain, and sometimes loss of mobility of joints. More serious form is RA

Question 15

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 15

autoimmune disease wherein the body produces antibodies against joint tissues causing inflammation resulting in severe joint damage, pain and immobility.

Question 16

Osteoporosis

Answer 16

hard, rock like quality of bone is dependent upon calcium. When too much Ca is dissolved from bones or not enough replaced, bones lose density and are easily fractured. Estrogen helps maintain proper Ca levels in bones

Question 17

Osteomalacia

Answer 17

If not enough Ca is deposited during early childhood development, the bones do no become rock hard but rubbery.

Question 18

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 18

repeated flexing of wrist may develop tingling and or pain in their thumb, especially when grasping. The main nerve for thumb movements pass through a bony/ligamentous canal on the bottom of wrist. Repetitive flexing movements may inflame and thicken the ligament over the carpal bones, trapping and compressing the nerve.

Question 19

Tendonitis

Answer 19

repeated strain on tendon can inflame it resulting in pain and difficulty moving involving the muscle.

Question 20

Rotator cuff tear

Answer 20

Muscles surrounding the shoulder joint. these tendons of these muscles contribute to the strength of the shoulder joint. hard, fast movements can tear these tendons

Question 21

Bursa

Answer 21

closed bag with a minimum amount of lubricatory fluid that serves as a shock absorber where bones make close contact and to minimize trauma and friction where tendons cross bones and joints.

Question 22

Muscular dystrophy

Answer 22

this is a group of inherited diseases in which the muscles that control movement progressively weaken. Most common form is called Duchenne muscular dystrophy and affects only males.

Question 23

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 23

severe muscular weakness. an autoimmune disease that involves production of antibodies that interfere with nerves stimulating muscle contractions. Face and neck muscles are affected which leads to drooping eyelids, double vision, and difficulty swallowing. No paralysis of muscles but a rapid fatiguing of function

Question 24

Lupus erythematosus

Answer 24

An autoimmune disease where the body produces antibodies against a variety of organs, especially connective tissue of skin and joints. mild lupus includes rash over nose and cheeks, myalgia, and arthralgia. Severe lupus involves inflammation of multiple organ systems such as heart, lungs, or kidneys.

Question 25

Electromyography (EMG)

Answer 25

recording of muscle electrical activity. Fine needles introduced into muscles in order to make recordings of contractile activity. Used for diagnosing paralysis, dystrophy, and neuromuscular disorders.

Question 26

achondroplasia

Answer 26

lack of normal cartilage development