Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
Musculoskeletal system
Comprised of muscular and skeletal systems working in conjunction with one another
Axial skeleton
Comprised of skull, thorax, vertebral column, and pelvis
Appendicular skeleton
Comprised of upper and lower extremities
4 Types of Bones in Skeletal System
1) Long bones (ex. femur)
2) Short bones (ex. carpal or tarsal bones, short and cubed shape)
3) Flat bones (ex. skull, broad, flat surfaces mostly for protection)
4) Irregular bones (ex. vertebrae, irregular shapes serving as sites for muscle attachment)
3 Major Roles of Bones
1) Protection (for vital organs)
2) Calcium storage and release (necessary for bone development, blood clotting, normal muscle and nerve activity)
3) Red and white blood cell production (occurs in bone marrow, platelets also produced here)
Tendons
Made of fibrous tissue that connect muscle to bone or muscle to other muscle
Ligaments
Made of fibrous tissue that connects bones to other bones to form a joint
3 Types of Muscle
1) Striated
2) Smooth
3) Cardiac
Striated Muscle
“Skeletal” muscle; under voluntary control, facilitates movement through generating force with bones and joints by contraction
Smooth muscle
Non-striated; under involuntary control of central nervous system and local hormones. This type of muscle can be found in stomach walls, bladder and blood vessels
Cardiac muscle
Involuntary striated muscle found exclusive in the heart
3 Reasons for Muscle Names
1) Location
2) Size (“maximus,” “major” = larger; “minor” = smaller)
3) Number of insertions (ex. Triceps muscle has three insertions)
Striated definition
Muscle tissue that is marked by transverse dark and light bands, that is made up of elongated fibers.
