Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
what is the function of a ligament?
- connect bones together at joints
- provide stability & support
- helps to prevent excessive movement
what is the function of red marrow?
produces blood cells
what is the function of osteoclasts?
- involved in bone resorption
- helps remodel bone by breaking down old/damaged bon, allowing osteoblasts to form new bone in its place
what are the properties of growth plates?
- found in ends of long bones
- layers of cartilage where new bone is produces during childhood & adolescence
what are the properties of a compact bone?
- dense
- strong
- forms outer layer of shell of bones
- composed of tightly packed bone cells
what is the movement of a sliding joint?
bones glide past one another
what is the function of osteocytes?
maintain bone tissue & help regulate balance of minerals in bone
what are examples of a saddle joint?
thumb
where are hyaline cartilage found?
found in gowth plates & ribs
what is the funtion of cartilage?
- reduces friction in joints
- critical role in bone growth at growth plates
what are the properties of collagen?
fibrous protein that gives bones tensile strength
what are the properties of chondrin?
gelatinous substance found in cartilage
what are the lifestyle changes for osteoporosis?
- diet- adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D
- weight-bearing exercises- stimulate bone formation and maintain bone density
- reuce weight- puts less strain on bones
what are the properties of calcium phosphate?
mineral compound making up most of bones inorganic matrix
what is arthritis?
- group of conditions which cause inflammation of the joints
- leads to pain, swelling & reduced mobility
what is the function of chondrin?
allows cartilage resistance & elastic
how do you monitor osteoporosis?
- bone density scans- monitor progression of osteoporosis and assess risk of fractures
- blood tests- measure calcium and vitamin D levels
- fracture risk assessments- evaluate likelyhood of experiencng fractures
what is a contraction?
muscle shorterns, pulling on tendons, moves bone at joing
what are the properties of cartilage?
- flexible tissue found at joints, growth plates & other areas of the skeleton
what are the treatments of arthritis?
- medication- reduce pain and inflammation
- biologic therapies- target specific points of immune system to rduce inflammation
- physical therapy- improves joint flexibility, muscl strength and reduce stiffness
what are the properties of osteocytes?
- mature bone cells originated from osteoblasts
- embedded in bone matrix & residue in small spaces called lacunae
what is the movement of a ball & socket joint?
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation & circumduction
what is the function of calcium phosphate?
hardens bone matrix, giving bones rigidity & strength
what are the possible causes of osteoprosis?
- aging- as people age, bone density decreases
- sedintary lifestyle- physical activity leads to lack of bone stimulation
- smoking & alcohol- weakens bones & reduces bodies ability to bsorb calcium
what is the function of a compact bone?
- supports body weight
- provides pretection
- contains small channels for blood vessels & nerves
what are the properties of osteoblasts?
- bone forming cells that screte bone matrix
- later mineralizes to become hard bone
what is are examples of a pivot joint?
skull & vertebral column
what is the function of a muscle?
- responsible for movement
- contract & relax to create motion
- essential for physical activity
wht is the function of synovial fluid?
- lubricates the joint
- reduces friction between articulating surfaces of bones
what is the movement of a saddle joint?
flexion, extension, abduction & adduction
what are the properties of trabeculae?
- small lattice-likestructured within spongy bone
- form a network
how does genetic factors result in RA?
family history can increase the risk
how does environmental triggers result in RA?
smoking/certain infections may trigger immune systems abnormal response
what is the function of articular cartilage?
covers ends of bones in joints, reducing friction
how does RA result in autoimmune disease?
RA occurs when immune system attacks synovial membrane lining the joints, causing inflmmation & damage
what are the causes of osteoarthritis?
- wear & tear- due to repetitive joint use and aging
- injury- previous joint injury increases risk
- genetics- excessive weight puts additional pressure on weight bearing joints, leading to cartilage breakdown
what is the movement of a pivot joint?
rotation
what are the effects of arthritis?
- joint pain- OA & RA cause pain in affected joints
- swelling & stiffness - reduced mobility- limits movement, impacting ability to walk, climb stairs or carry out basic skills
- deformities & weakness- RA leads to joint deformities & muscle weakness
what is the function of yellow marrow?
stores fat
what is the function of osteoblasts?
produces new bone tissue during growth & repair
what is the movement of a fixed joint?
no movement
what is the function of bone marrow?
essential for production of blood cells
what is the movement of a hinge joint?
flexion & extension
how do you monitor arthritis?
- blood tests- check for inflammatory markers
- x-rays- help track progression of arthritis by visualizing cartilage loss
- MRI scans- provide detailed images of soft tissues
what is an agonist?
contracting muscle
what is the function of synovial membrane?
- thin layer of tissue
- lines inner surface of joing capsule
- secretes synovial fluid
what is the function of cartilage?
- covers ends of bones
- provides cushioning & reduces friction
what are the treatments for osteoporosis?
- medication- slow bone loss
- calcium & vitamin D supplements- support bone health and calcium absorption
- physiotherapy
what is an antagonist?
relaxing muscle
what is an example of a hinge joint?
knee & elbow
what are examples of a fixed joint?
cranium & pelvis
what are the care needs for arthritis?
- mobility aids- reduce strain on joints
- home modifications- prevent falls and make movement easier
- emotional support
what is the function of a bone?
- provide structural support for the body
- protect vital organs
- store minerals
- house bone marrow
what are examples of ball & socket joints?
hip & shoulder
what are the properties of osteoclasts?
large bone cells break down tissue by dissolving bone matrix
what is the function of a tendon?
- connects muscles to bones
- when muscles contract, pull on tendons, pull on bones to create movement
what are the 2 types of cartilage?
- articular cartilage
- hyaline crtilage
what are antagonistic pairs?
muscles work opposite eachother to create movement
what is the funtion of trabeculae?
- provide structural support to bone
- spaces between trabeculae filled with bone marrow
what is the function of growth plates?
- allow bones to grow in length as children develop
- as growth completes, cartilage in these plates replaced by bone
what are the effects of osteoporosis?
- loss of height- cause compression on the spine, leading to height loss & stopped posture
- chronic pain- fractured lead too chronic, severe back pain & long term disability
- reduced mobility & independence- struggle with reduced mobility, which can impair ability to live independently
what is osteoporosis?
- characterized by weakening of bones, making them more prone to fractures
- bones become brittle & fragile
what are the 2 types of bone marrow?
- red marrow
- yellow marrow
what is the function of collagen?
provides bone flexibility & resistance to tension
what is the function of a joint capsule?
- stabalizes the joint
- provides protection & facilitation smooth movement
what are the 2 types of arthritis?
- osteoarthritis
- rheumatoid arthritis
what are examples of a sliding joint?
wrist & ankle
what are the care needs for osteoprosis?
- check eyesight- reduce tripping risks
- emotional support
- exercise programs- improve balance, strength and bone density
what are the properties of bone marrow?
- located inside trabeculae of spongy bone & within medullary cavity of long bones
