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H&SC Human Anatomy > Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 parts of the blood?

A
  1. red blood cells
  2. white blood cells
  3. platelets
  4. plasma
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2
Q

what is the scientific term for red blood cells?

A

erythrocytes

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3
Q

what is the function of red blood cells?

A

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

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4
Q

what is the scientific term for white blood cells?

A

leucocytes

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5
Q

what is the function of white blood cells?

A

protect us from invading bacteria and other pathogens

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6
Q

what are the 3 main types of white blood cells?

A
  1. neutrophils
  2. lymphocytes
  3. monocytes
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7
Q

what is the function of neutrophils?

A

produce antibodies

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8
Q

what is the function of lymphocytes?

A
  • destroys viruses & cancer cells
  • produces antibodies in the immune system
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9
Q

what is the function of monocytes?

A
  • removes dead cells & bacteria
  • prevents infection in tissues
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10
Q

what is the function of platelets?

A
  • stop bleeding when white blood cells are damaged
  • helps form a scab
  • prevents loss of blood
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11
Q

what is the function of plasma?

A

clots the blood to stop bleeding

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12
Q

what are the properties of plasma?

A
  • yellow liquid part of the blood
  • 55% of the blood
  • temperature regulation
  • maintains blood pressure
  • transports CO2, urea, glycogen & hormones
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13
Q

what are the 5 functions of the blood

A
  1. transport
  2. temperature regulation
  3. exchange of materials with body tissue
  4. preventing infection
  5. blood clotting
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14
Q

what is the function of transort in the blood?

A
  • transports elements required for life around the body
  • transports gases (O2 & CO2) between tissues and lungs
  • transports hormones
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15
Q

what is the function of temperature regulation in the blood?

A
  • bodies optimal temperature is 37*C
  • blood removes heat & circulates it around the body
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16
Q

what are the negative impacts of temperature regulation in the blood?

A
  • cell/body functions shut down if temp is too high/low
  • organ failure/damage
  • hypothermia (cold)
  • hyperthermia (hot)
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17
Q

what is the function of the exchange of materials with body tissues in the blood?

A
  • takes oxygenated blood & nutrients to tissues
  • removes waste products eg. CO2
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18
Q

what is the function of preventing infections in the blood?

A
  • blood protects the body from threat of infection & disease, causing bacteria
  • white blood cells resposible for safeguarding organs by producing antibodies
  • antibodies fight & kill germs & viruses that cause damage to the body
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19
Q

what is the scientific term for blood clotting?

A

coagulation

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20
Q

what is the function of blood clotting in the blood?

A
  • preverts excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured
  • platelets & proteins in plasma stop bleeding by forming a clot over the injury
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21
Q

what is the cardiovascular system made up of?

A
  • the heart
  • blood
  • blood vessels
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22
Q

what is the function of the heart?

A
  • carries oxygen, water & nutrients
  • important for removing waste products eg. CO2
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23
Q

what are the 4 chambers of the heart?

A
  1. right atrium
  2. left atrium
  3. right ventricle
  4. left ventricle
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24
Q

what is the function of the right atrium?

A

recieves de-oxygenated blood

25
Q

what is the function of the left atrium

A

recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs

26
Q

what is the function of the right ventricle?

A

contains de-oxygenated blood

27
Q

what is the function of the left ventricle?

A

contains oxygenated blood

28
Q

what are the 4 main blood vessels?

A
  1. pulmonary artery
  2. pulmonary vein
  3. aorta
  4. vena cava
29
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary artery?

A

carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

30
Q

what is the function of the pulmonary vein?

A

returns oxygenated blood to the heart

31
Q

what is the function of the aorta?

A

oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the body

32
Q

what is the function of the vena cava?

A

returns de-oxygenated blood to the heart

33
Q

what is the function of valves?

A

prevent backflow of blood

34
Q

what are the 5 valves in the heart?

A
  1. right semi-lunar valve
  2. left semi lunar valve
  3. tricuspid valve
  4. bicuspid valve
  5. septum
35
Q

what is the function of the semi lunar valves?

A

prevents expelled blood flowing back into the right/left ventricle

36
Q

what is the function of the tricuspid valve?

A

prevents blood flowing back into the right atrium from the ventricle

37
Q

what is the function of the bicuspid valve?

A

prevents blood flowing back into the left atrium from the ventricle

38
Q

what is the funtion of the septum?

A

separates the chambers

39
Q

what is the cardiac cycle?

A

the coordinated flow of blood through the heart

40
Q

define systole

A

when the heart contracts

41
Q

define diastole

A

when the heart relaxes and the atria fills

42
Q

what is the double circulatory system?

A
  1. systematic circuit (around the body)
  2. pulmonary circuit (to and from the lungs)
43
Q

what are the 2 nodes?

A
  • SA node
  • AV node
44
Q

what does SA node stand for?

A

sinoatrial node

45
Q

what are the properties of the SA node?

A
  • small mass of specialized tissue
  • located in right atrium
  • passes a wave of electrical current through atria, making them contract
46
Q

what does AV node stand for?

A

atrial ventricular node

47
Q

what is the property of the AV node?

A

slows the current down to allow the ventricles to fill

48
Q

what is the function of purkyne fibres?

A
  • carry the current down the middle of ventricles to base of the heart
  • allows bottom of heart to contract first, resulting in upwards squeezing action
49
Q

what are the properties of arteries?

A
  • transport oxygen away from left side of the heart
  • largest artery in the body is aorta
  • carry blood under a high pressure
50
Q

what are the properties of arterioles?

A
  • link between arteries and capillaries
  • smaller than arteries
    ring of muscle surrounding arteriole is pre-capillary sphincer (PCS)
  • contract & divert blood away from capillary
51
Q

what are the properties of capillaries?

A
  • small blood vessels
  • carries blood too & from body’s cells
  • one cell thick
    exchange points where O2, CO2 & nutrients cross into muscles & cells
  • lower blood pressure = diffusion can occur
52
Q

what are the properties of veins?

A
  • transport blood from body back to heart & lungs for re-oxygenation
  • carries low oxygenated blood full of waste
  • low pressure
  • large lumen to allow increased blood volume
53
Q

what are the functions of venules?

A
  • the vein-like version of an arteriole
  • collect the blood, drawing it together before emptying into veins
  • low pressure
54
Q

what are the functions of tissue fluid?

A
  • found in spaces around cells
  • comes from substances that leak out of capillaries
  • brings oxygen & nutrients to cells & removes waste products from them
55
Q

what is lympth?

A

drains from cells & tissues in the body & isnt reabsorbed into capillaries

56
Q

what are the functions of the lymphatic system?

A
  • produce blood cells
  • drainage
  • filtration
  • absorbs products of fat digestion
  • removes excess fluid from tissue
57
Q

what is the function of lymphatic vessels?

A

form an elaborate drainage system that picks up lymph

58
Q

what are the roles of blood proteins?

A
  • increase osmotic potential of blood
  • lower water potential of blood
  • affect viscosity of blood
59
Q

what are the roles of hydrostatic pressure?

A

H&SC Human Anatomy (6 decks)

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