Cardiovascular system Flashcards
what are the roles of blood proteins?
- increase osmotic potential of blood
- lower water potential of blood
- affect viscosity of blood
what is lympth?
drains from cells & tissues in the body & isnt reabsorbed into capillaries
what is the function of the aorta?
oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the body
what is the scientific term for blood clotting?
coagulation
what is the property of the AV node?
slows the current down to allow the ventricles to fill
what is the function of white blood cells?
protect us from invading bacteria and other pathogens
what is the funtion of the septum?
separates the chambers
what are the functions of venules?
- the vein-like version of an arteriole
- collect the blood, drawing it together before emptying into veins
- low pressure
what is the function of the pulmonary vein?
returns oxygenated blood to the heart
what is the function of monocytes?
- removes dead cells & bacteria
- prevents infection in tissues
what is the function of purkyne fibres?
- carry the current down the middle of ventricles to base of the heart
- allows bottom of heart to contract first, resulting in upwards squeezing action
what is the function of the right atrium?
recieves de-oxygenated blood
what is the function of the bicuspid valve?
prevents blood flowing back into the left atrium from the ventricle
what is the function of transort in the blood?
- transports elements required for life around the body
- transports gases (O2 & CO2) between tissues and lungs
- transports hormones
what are the properties of capillaries?
- small blood vessels
- carries blood too & from body’s cells
- one cell thick
exchange points where O2, CO2 & nutrients cross into muscles & cells - lower blood pressure = diffusion can occur
what is the function of lymphatic vessels?
form an elaborate drainage system that picks up lymph
what are the properties of veins?
- transport blood from body back to heart & lungs for re-oxygenation
- carries low oxygenated blood full of waste
- low pressure
- large lumen to allow increased blood volume
what are the properties of arteries?
- transport oxygen away from left side of the heart
- largest artery in the body is aorta
- carry blood under a high pressure
what is the function of the left atrium
recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs
what are the 4 chambers of the heart?
- right atrium
- left atrium
- right ventricle
- left ventricle
what is the function of the left ventricle?
contains oxygenated blood
what is the cardiac cycle?
the coordinated flow of blood through the heart
what are the 2 nodes?
- SA node
- AV node
what is the function of the semi lunar valves?
prevents expelled blood flowing back into the right/left ventricle
what are the 5 functions of the blood
- transport
- temperature regulation
- exchange of materials with body tissue
- preventing infection
- blood clotting
what are the 3 main types of white blood cells?
- neutrophils
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
what are the functions of the lymphatic system?
- produce blood cells
- drainage
- filtration
- absorbs products of fat digestion
- removes excess fluid from tissue
what is the double circulatory system?
- systematic circuit (around the body)
- pulmonary circuit (to and from the lungs)
what is the function of the right ventricle?
contains de-oxygenated blood
what does AV node stand for?
atrial ventricular node
what is the function of the heart?
- carries oxygen, water & nutrients
- important for removing waste products eg. CO2
what are the 5 valves in the heart?
- right semi-lunar valve
- left semi lunar valve
- tricuspid valve
- bicuspid valve
- septum
what is the function of blood clotting in the blood?
- preverts excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured
- platelets & proteins in plasma stop bleeding by forming a clot over the injury
what are the properties of the SA node?
- small mass of specialized tissue
- located in right atrium
- passes a wave of electrical current through atria, making them contract
what is the function of plasma?
clots the blood to stop bleeding
what is the function of the vena cava?
returns de-oxygenated blood to the heart
define diastole
when the heart relaxes and the atria fills
what is the function of neutrophils?
produce antibodies
what is the scientific term for white blood cells?
leucocytes
what is the function of lymphocytes?
- destroys viruses & cancer cells
- produces antibodies in the immune system
what are the 4 parts of the blood?
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
- plasma
what is the function of preventing infections in the blood?
- blood protects the body from threat of infection & disease, causing bacteria
- white blood cells resposible for safeguarding organs by producing antibodies
- antibodies fight & kill germs & viruses that cause damage to the body
what is the function of valves?
prevent backflow of blood
what are the properties of plasma?
- yellow liquid part of the blood
- 55% of the blood
- temperature regulation
- maintains blood pressure
- transports CO2, urea, glycogen & hormones
what is the scientific term for red blood cells?
erythrocytes
define systole
when the heart contracts
what are the properties of arterioles?
- link between arteries and capillaries
- smaller than arteries
ring of muscle surrounding arteriole is pre-capillary sphincer (PCS) - contract & divert blood away from capillary
what is the function of the exchange of materials with body tissues in the blood?
- takes oxygenated blood & nutrients to tissues
- removes waste products eg. CO2
what is the cardiovascular system made up of?
- the heart
- blood
- blood vessels
what is the function of platelets?
- stop bleeding when white blood cells are damaged
- helps form a scab
- prevents loss of blood
what is the function of the tricuspid valve?
prevents blood flowing back into the right atrium from the ventricle
what are the negative impacts of temperature regulation in the blood?
- cell/body functions shut down if temp is too high/low
- organ failure/damage
- hypothermia (cold)
- hyperthermia (hot)
what is the function of temperature regulation in the blood?
- bodies optimal temperature is 37*C
- blood removes heat & circulates it around the body
what are the functions of tissue fluid?
- found in spaces around cells
- comes from substances that leak out of capillaries
- brings oxygen & nutrients to cells & removes waste products from them
what is the function of the pulmonary artery?
carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
what are the roles of hydrostatic pressure?
what does SA node stand for?
sinoatrial node
what is the function of red blood cells?
carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
what are the 4 main blood vessels?
- pulmonary artery
- pulmonary vein
- aorta
- vena cava