Cardiovascular system Flashcards by Emma Westbrook

what are the roles of blood proteins?

increase osmotic potential of blood
lower water potential of blood
affect viscosity of blood

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what is lympth?

drains from cells & tissues in the body & isnt reabsorbed into capillaries

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what is the function of the aorta?

oxygenated blood is pumped from the heart to the body

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what is the scientific term for blood clotting?

coagulation

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what is the property of the AV node?

slows the current down to allow the ventricles to fill

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what is the function of white blood cells?

protect us from invading bacteria and other pathogens

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what is the funtion of the septum?

separates the chambers

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what are the functions of venules?

the vein-like version of an arteriole
collect the blood, drawing it together before emptying into veins
low pressure

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what is the function of the pulmonary vein?

returns oxygenated blood to the heart

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what is the function of monocytes?

removes dead cells & bacteria
prevents infection in tissues

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what is the function of purkyne fibres?

carry the current down the middle of ventricles to base of the heart
allows bottom of heart to contract first, resulting in upwards squeezing action

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what is the function of the right atrium?

recieves de-oxygenated blood

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what is the function of the bicuspid valve?

prevents blood flowing back into the left atrium from the ventricle

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what is the function of transort in the blood?

transports elements required for life around the body
transports gases (O2 & CO2) between tissues and lungs
transports hormones

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what are the properties of capillaries?

small blood vessels
carries blood too & from body’s cells
one cell thick
exchange points where O2, CO2 & nutrients cross into muscles & cells
lower blood pressure = diffusion can occur

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what is the function of lymphatic vessels?

form an elaborate drainage system that picks up lymph

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what are the properties of veins?

transport blood from body back to heart & lungs for re-oxygenation
carries low oxygenated blood full of waste
low pressure
large lumen to allow increased blood volume

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what are the properties of arteries?

transport oxygen away from left side of the heart
largest artery in the body is aorta
carry blood under a high pressure

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what is the function of the left atrium

recieves oxygenated blood from the lungs

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what are the 4 chambers of the heart?

right atrium
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle

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what is the function of the left ventricle?

contains oxygenated blood

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what is the cardiac cycle?

the coordinated flow of blood through the heart

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what are the 2 nodes?

SA node
AV node

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what is the function of the semi lunar valves?

prevents expelled blood flowing back into the right/left ventricle

what are the 5 functions of the blood

1. transport 2. temperature regulation 3. exchange of materials with body tissue 4. preventing infection 5. blood clotting

what are the 3 main types of white blood cells?

1. neutrophils 2. lymphocytes 3. monocytes

what are the functions of the lymphatic system?

- produce blood cells - drainage - filtration - absorbs products of fat digestion - removes excess fluid from tissue

what is the double circulatory system?

1. systematic circuit (around the body) 2. pulmonary circuit (to and from the lungs)

what is the function of the right ventricle?

contains de-oxygenated blood

what does AV node stand for?

atrial ventricular node

what is the function of the heart?

- carries oxygen, water & nutrients - important for removing waste products eg. CO2

what are the 5 valves in the heart?

1. right semi-lunar valve 2. left semi lunar valve 3. tricuspid valve 4. bicuspid valve 5. septum

what is the function of blood clotting in the blood?

- preverts excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured - platelets & proteins in plasma stop bleeding by forming a clot over the injury

what are the properties of the SA node?

- small mass of specialized tissue - located in right atrium - passes a wave of electrical current through atria, making them contract

what is the function of plasma?

clots the blood to stop bleeding

what is the function of the vena cava?

returns de-oxygenated blood to the heart

define diastole

when the heart relaxes and the atria fills

what is the function of neutrophils?

produce antibodies

what is the scientific term for white blood cells?

leucocytes

what is the function of lymphocytes?

- destroys viruses & cancer cells - produces antibodies in the immune system

what are the 4 parts of the blood?

1. red blood cells 2. white blood cells 3. platelets 4. plasma

what is the function of preventing infections in the blood?

- blood protects the body from threat of infection & disease, causing bacteria - white blood cells resposible for safeguarding organs by producing antibodies - antibodies fight & kill germs & viruses that cause damage to the body

what is the function of valves?

prevent backflow of blood

what are the properties of plasma?

- yellow liquid part of the blood - 55% of the blood - temperature regulation - maintains blood pressure - transports CO2, urea, glycogen & hormones

what is the scientific term for red blood cells?

erythrocytes

define systole

when the heart contracts

what are the properties of arterioles?

- link between arteries and capillaries - smaller than arteries ring of muscle surrounding arteriole is pre-capillary sphincer (PCS) - contract & divert blood away from capillary

what is the function of the exchange of materials with body tissues in the blood?

- takes oxygenated blood & nutrients to tissues - removes waste products eg. CO2

what is the cardiovascular system made up of?

- the heart - blood - blood vessels

what is the function of platelets?

- stop bleeding when white blood cells are damaged - helps form a scab - prevents loss of blood

what is the function of the tricuspid valve?

prevents blood flowing back into the right atrium from the ventricle

what are the negative impacts of temperature regulation in the blood?

- cell/body functions shut down if temp is too high/low - organ failure/damage - hypothermia (cold) - hyperthermia (hot)

what is the function of temperature regulation in the blood?

- bodies optimal temperature is 37*C - blood removes heat & circulates it around the body

what are the functions of tissue fluid?

- found in spaces around cells - comes from substances that leak out of capillaries - brings oxygen & nutrients to cells & removes waste products

what is the function of the pulmonary artery?

carries de-oxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

what are the roles of hydrostatic pressure?

what does SA node stand for?

sinoatrial node

what is the function of red blood cells?

carry oxygen and carbon dioxide

what are the 4 main blood vessels?

1. pulmonary artery 2. pulmonary vein 3. aorta 4. vena cava