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H&SC Anatomy & Physiology > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the location of the large intestine?

A

wider, follows small intestine

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2
Q

what is the function of the pancreas?

A

produces digestive enzymes & hormones

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3
Q

what is the location of the anus?

A

opening at end of digestive tract

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4
Q

how does assimilation occur?

A
  • glucose transported to cells for respiration
  • amino acids used to build and repair body tissue
  • fatty acids used for energy storage
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5
Q

what are water-soluble nutrients?

A

absorbed into bloodstream

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6
Q

what are the causes of coeliac disease?

A
  1. genetics- often runs in families and is associated with genetic markers
  2. environmental factors- stress, infections or surgery can trigger onset of coeliac disease
  3. arly gluten exposure- early exposure to gluten in infancy is a risk factor
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7
Q

what is coeliac disease?

A

autoimmune disease where indigestion of gluten triggers a response that damages the lining of the small intestine

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8
Q

what is the digestive role of the pancreas?

A
  1. produce digstive ezymes- secrets enzymes into small intestine
  2. regulate blood sugar- produce insulin & glycogen to regulate blood sugar levels
  3. pancreatic juice- released from pancreas to neutralize acidic chyme
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9
Q

what is the function of the buccal cavity?

A
  • put food into buccal cavity
  • mechanical digestion by chewing
  • dissolves food in saliva
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10
Q

what is the function of the small intestine?

A
  • further chemical digestion takes place
  • emulsification of fats take place
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11
Q

what is the function of the rectum?

A
  • stores dried out food remains & dead bacteria
  • expels waste from anus
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12
Q

what is the location of the buccal cavity?

A

mouth

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13
Q

where does absorption occur?

A

small intestine

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14
Q

what are gallstones?

A

sollid particles that block flow of bile

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15
Q

what is the bile duct?

A

tube that carries bile from liver & gallbladder to small intestine

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16
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores bile

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17
Q

what is the digestive role of the liver?

A
  1. bile production- helps break down fat
  2. nutrient processing- converts glucose into glycogen
  3. detoxification- filters out toxns from blood
  4. stores vitamins- releases them as needed
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18
Q

what is peristalsis?

A
  • involuntary wave-like movement of muscles
  • moves food through the digestive system
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19
Q

what is the function of the epiglottos?

A
  • directs food to oesophagus
  • closes over airway
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20
Q

what are the medications used for IBS?

A
  1. antidepressants- help with stress, reducing symptoms
  2. laxatives- used for constpation-dominant IBS
  3. antispasmodics- releave painful bowel spasms
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21
Q

what is chyme?

A

acidic fluid that passes from stomach to small intestine

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22
Q

what are villi?

A
  • tiny hair-like projections that line inside of small intestine
  • absorb nutrients
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23
Q

what is the function of the salivary glands?

A
  • moisten food
  • starts chemical digestion
  • allows food to be tasted
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24
Q

what are the effects of gallstones?

A
  1. biliary colic- shap, intense pain in upper abdomen
  2. jaundice- yellowing of the sin and eyes
  3. pancreatitis- gallstones block pancreatic ducts, causing inflammation of pancreas
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25
what are the actions of the stomach in chemical digestion?
- enzymes breakdown food - stomach has hydrochloric acid - digestion forms peptides
26
what are the triggers of IBS?
1. dietary triggers- spicy/ fatty foods, caffiene, alcohol 2. high stress levels 3. hormonal changes 4. family history
27
what are the treatments for gallstones?
1. reduce fat intake- reduce gallbladder activity 2. lithotrispy- use sound waves to break down stones into smaller pieces 3. open surgery- used when keyhole surgery is impossible
28
what are the actions of the stomach in mechanical digestion?
- breakdown of food - physical digestion - mixes food with hydrochloric acid
29
what is the location of the stomach?
below the oesophagus
30
what is mechanical digestion?
- when we chew food, making it small enough to swallow, - takes place in stomach
31
what is the function of the stomach?
- mechanical digestion by muscular churning - chemical digestion of proteins by pepsin - secretes hydrochloric acid
32
what is the digestive system?
- long tube that begins at mouth & end at anus - helps break down food
33
what is the digestive role of pancreatic juice?
1. secrete enzymes- breakdown macronutrients 2. neutralize stomach acid- rich in bicarbonate 3. optimal pH- ensures pH of small intestine is optimal for digestive enzymes
34
what is absorption?
digested nutrients taken from digestive system into bloodstream
35
what is the location of the salivary gland?
around buccal cavity
36
what are fat-soluble nutrients?
absorbed into lymphatic system before bloodstream
37
what is the location of the small intestine?
long, coiled tube that comes after stomach
38
what is the location of the oesophagus?
tube that connects buccal cavity to stomach
39
what is the location of the rectum?
final section of large intestine
40
what is the function of the oesophagus?
muscular tube squeezed down by muscles
41
what are the causes of gallstones?
1. excess cholesterol- too much cholesterol released, causing cholesterol gallstones 2. age- risk increases with age 3. weight loss- rapd weight loss increases risk
42
what is the function of the bile duct?
carries bile from liver to small intestine
43
what is the digestive role of bile?
1. emulsify fats- break down fat to small molecules 2. facilitating fat absorption- help form micelles 3. eliminate waste production- remove cholesterol from liver
44
what is the function of the pancreatic duct?
carries digestive enzymes from pancreas to small intestine
45
what are the treatments for coeliac disease?
1. gluten free dit 2. supplements- used in cases of nutrients deficiencies 3. medications- steroids used to temporarily reduce inflammtion
46
what are the lifestyle adjusments for IBS?
1. diet- avoid trigger foods 2. stress management- yoga and meditation help manage psychological triggers 3.regular exercise- improves dgestion and reduces stress
47
what is the function of the pancreatic duct?
carries digestive enzymes from pancreas to small intestine
48
how do you monitor IBS?
1. symptom diary- patients asked to keep record of symptoms 2. stool tests- used to rule out othr digestive issues 3. dietary assessments- used t identify trigger foods
49
what is the location of the gallbladder?
beneath the liver
50
what is the location of the pancreas?
behind the stomach
51
what are the effects of IBS?
1. digestive issues- abdominal pain, bloating 2. discomfort- cramping and urgency to have bowel movements 3. nutrition concerns- avoidance of food triggers lead to limited diet
52
what is the function of the liver?
- processes nutrients - produces bile
53
what is the ileum?
- last part of small intestine - helps ufrther digest food
54
what is the duodenum?
- first part of small intestine - connects to stomach - helps digest food
55
what is chemical digestion?
- large chemical nutrients pass through gut wall into the blood - breaks down chemical bonds -
56
how do you monitor coeliac disease?
1. blood tests- checks for specific antibodies that indicate response 2. regular check-ups- monitor antibody levels 3. bone density scans- monitor bone health due to osteoporosis
57
what is the function of the large intestine?
- absorbs water - houses gut bacteria
58
how do you monitor gallstones?
1. ultrasounds 2. endoscopy 3. blood tests
59
what is the role of the liver during assimilation?
- It processes and regulates nutrients absorbed, converting excess glucose into glycogen for storage and breaking down toxins
60
how does absorption occur?
nutrients cross intestinal lining and enter bloodstream or lymphatic system
61
what is the location of the epiglottis?
- flaps at back of throat
62
what is assimilation?
absorbed nutrients transported to tissues and cells of body where they are used for growth, repair, and energy
63
what are the actions of chemical digestion in the small intestine?
- bile released from gallbladder - pancreas releases protease - emulsification of fats
64
what is the location of the liver?
above the stomach
65
what are the effects of coeliac disease?
1. weight loss- poor nutrient absorption leads to development issues 2. weak bones- poor calcium and vitamin D cause osteoporosis & weak bones 3. long-term risk- can lead to intestinal cancer and infertility
66

H&SC Anatomy & Physiology (6 decks)

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