Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

what is the location of the large intestine?

A

wider, follows small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the function of the pancreas?

A

produces digestive enzymes & hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the location of the anus?

A

opening at end of digestive tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

how does assimilation occur?

A
  • glucose transported to cells for respiration
  • amino acids used to build and repair body tissue
  • fatty acids used for energy storage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are water-soluble nutrients?

A

absorbed into bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are the causes of coeliac disease?

A
  1. genetics- often runs in families and is associated with genetic markers
  2. environmental factors- stress, infections or surgery can trigger onset of coeliac disease
  3. arly gluten exposure- early exposure to gluten in infancy is a risk factor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is coeliac disease?

A

autoimmune disease where indigestion of gluten triggers a response that damages the lining of the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the digestive role of the pancreas?

A
  1. produce digstive ezymes- secrets enzymes into small intestine
  2. regulate blood sugar- produce insulin & glycogen to regulate blood sugar levels
  3. pancreatic juice- released from pancreas to neutralize acidic chyme
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the function of the buccal cavity?

A
  • put food into buccal cavity
  • mechanical digestion by chewing
  • dissolves food in saliva
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of the small intestine?

A
  • further chemical digestion takes place
  • emulsification of fats take place
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of the rectum?

A
  • stores dried out food remains & dead bacteria
  • expels waste from anus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the location of the buccal cavity?

A

mouth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does absorption occur?

A

small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are gallstones?

A

sollid particles that block flow of bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the bile duct?

A

tube that carries bile from liver & gallbladder to small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the function of the gallbladder?

A

stores bile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the digestive role of the liver?

A
  1. bile production- helps break down fat
  2. nutrient processing- converts glucose into glycogen
  3. detoxification- filters out toxns from blood
  4. stores vitamins- releases them as needed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is peristalsis?

A
  • involuntary wave-like movement of muscles
  • moves food through the digestive system
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the function of the epiglottos?

A
  • directs food to oesophagus
  • closes over airway
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the medications used for IBS?

A
  1. antidepressants- help with stress, reducing symptoms
  2. laxatives- used for constpation-dominant IBS
  3. antispasmodics- releave painful bowel spasms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is chyme?

A

acidic fluid that passes from stomach to small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are villi?

A
  • tiny hair-like projections that line inside of small intestine
  • absorb nutrients
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the function of the salivary glands?

A
  • moisten food
  • starts chemical digestion
  • allows food to be tasted
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the effects of gallstones?

A
  1. biliary colic- shap, intense pain in upper abdomen
  2. jaundice- yellowing of the sin and eyes
  3. pancreatitis- gallstones block pancreatic ducts, causing inflammation of pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what are the actions of the stomach in chemical digestion?

A
  • enzymes breakdown food
  • stomach has hydrochloric acid
  • digestion forms peptides
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what are the triggers of IBS?

A
  1. dietary triggers- spicy/ fatty foods, caffiene, alcohol
  2. high stress levels
  3. hormonal changes
  4. family history
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what are the treatments for gallstones?

A
  1. reduce fat intake- reduce gallbladder activity
  2. lithotrispy- use sound waves to break down stones into smaller pieces
  3. open surgery- used when keyhole surgery is impossible
28
Q

what are the actions of the stomach in mechanical digestion?

A
  • breakdown of food
  • physical digestion
  • mixes food with hydrochloric acid
29
Q

what is the location of the stomach?

A

below the oesophagus

30
Q

what is mechanical digestion?

A
  • when we chew food, making it small enough to swallow,
  • takes place in stomach
31
Q

what is the function of the stomach?

A
  • mechanical digestion by muscular churning
  • chemical digestion of proteins by pepsin
  • secretes hydrochloric acid
32
Q

what is the digestive system?

A
  • long tube that begins at mouth & end at anus
  • helps break down food
33
Q

what is the digestive role of pancreatic juice?

A
  1. secrete enzymes- breakdown macronutrients
  2. neutralize stomach acid- rich in bicarbonate
  3. optimal pH- ensures pH of small intestine is optimal for digestive enzymes
34
Q

what is absorption?

A

digested nutrients taken from digestive system into bloodstream

35
Q

what is the location of the salivary gland?

A

around buccal cavity

36
Q

what are fat-soluble nutrients?

A

absorbed into lymphatic system before bloodstream

37
Q

what is the location of the small intestine?

A

long, coiled tube that comes after stomach

38
Q

what is the location of the oesophagus?

A

tube that connects buccal cavity to stomach

39
Q

what is the location of the rectum?

A

final section of large intestine

40
Q

what is the function of the oesophagus?

A

muscular tube squeezed down by muscles

41
Q

what are the causes of gallstones?

A
  1. excess cholesterol- too much cholesterol released, causing cholesterol gallstones
  2. age- risk increases with age
  3. weight loss- rapd weight loss increases risk
42
Q

what is the function of the bile duct?

A

carries bile from liver to small intestine

43
Q

what is the digestive role of bile?

A
  1. emulsify fats- break down fat to small molecules
  2. facilitating fat absorption- help form micelles
  3. eliminate waste production- remove cholesterol from liver
44
Q

what is the location of the pancreatic duct?

A

carries digestive enzymes from pancreas to small intestine

45
Q

what are the treatments for coeliac disease?

A
  1. gluten free dit
  2. supplements- used in cases of nutrients deficiencies
  3. medications- steroids used to temporarily reduce inflammtion
46
Q

what are the lifestyle adjusments for IBS?

A
  1. diet- avoid trigger foods
  2. stress management- yoga and meditation help manage psychological triggers
    3.regular exercise- improves dgestion and reduces stress
47
Q

what is the function of the pancreatic duct?

A

carries digestive enzymes from pancreas to small intestine

48
Q

how do you monitor IBS?

A
  1. symptom diary- patients asked to keep record of symptoms
  2. stool tests- used to rule out othr digestive issues
  3. dietary assessments- used t identify trigger foods
49
Q

what is the location of the gallbladder?

A

beneath the liver

50
Q

what is the location of the pancreas?

A

behind the stomach

51
Q

what are the effects of IBS?

A
  1. digestive issues- abdominal pain, bloating
  2. discomfort- cramping and urgency to have
    bowel movements
  3. nutrition concerns- avoidance of food triggers lead to limited diet
52
Q

what is the function of the liver?

A
  • processes nutrients
  • produces bile
53
Q

what is the ileum?

A
  • last part of small intestine
  • helps ufrther digest food
54
Q

what is the duodenum?

A
  • first part of small intestine
  • connects to stomach
  • helps digest food
55
Q

what is chemical digestion?

A
  • large chemical nutrients pass through wall of gut into the blood
  • ## breaks down chemical bonds
56
Q

how do you monitor coeliac disease?

A
  1. blood tests- checks for specific antibodies that indicate response
  2. regular check-ups- monitor antibody levels
  3. bone density scans- monitor bone health due to osteoporosis
57
Q

what is the function of the large intestine?

A
  • absorbs water
  • houses gut bacteria
58
Q

how do you monitor gallstones?

A
  1. ultrasounds
  2. endoscopy
  3. blood tests
59
Q

what is the role of the liver during assimilation?

A
  • It processes and
    regulates nutrients absorbed, converting excess
    glucose into glycogen for storage and breaking
    down toxins
60
Q

how does absorption occur?

A

nutrients cross intestinal
lining and enter bloodstream or lymphatic system

61
Q

what is the location of the epiglottis?

A
  • flaps at back of throat
62
Q

what is assimilation?

A

absorbed nutrients transported to tissues and cells of body where
they are used for growth, repair, and energy

63
Q

what are the actions of chemical digestion in the small intestine?

A
  • bile released from gallbladder
  • pancreas releases protease
  • emulsification of fats
64
Q

what is the location of the liver?

A

above the stomach

65
Q

what are the effects of coeliac disease?

A
  1. weight loss- poor nutrient absorption leads to development issues
  2. weak bones- poor calcium and vitamin D cause osteoporosis & weak bones
  3. long-term risk- can lead to intestinal cancer and infertility