Control & Regulatory systems

Question 1

what is the central nervous system?

Answer 1

peripheral nerves spreading out from the brain & spinal cord

Question 2

what are the peripheral nerves?

Answer 2

• travel from skin & muscles
• contain sensory & motor neurones

Question 3

what are the sensory neurones?

Answer 3

carry messages from sense organs to CNS

Question 4

what are motor neurones?

Answer 4

carry messages from CNS to tissues

Question 5

what is the sympathetic system?

Answer 5

prepares us for action by activating functions needed for survival

Question 6

what is the parasympathetic system?

Answer 6

dampening down sympathetic & restoring the body to its normal resting state

Question 7

what are the functions of the sympathetic system?
(name 3)

Answer 7

• constrict pupils
• stimulate siliva
• slowdown heartbeat
• constrict airways
• stimulate stomach

Question 8

what are the functions of the parasympathetic system?

Answer 8

• dilate pupils
• inhibit salivation
• increase heartbeat
• relax airways
• inhibit activity of stomach

Question 9

what is the structure of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 9

• outer layer of cerebrum
• centre of conscous thought

Question 10

what is the function of the cerebral cortex?

Answer 10

higher brain functions like thought, memory, language, voluntary movement & sensory processing

Question 11

what is the structure of the cerebellum?

Answer 11

• located at back of brain, behind cerebral cortex
• wrinkled surface with two hemispheres similar to cerebral cortex

Question 12

what is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 12

coordination of balance, posture & fine motor movements

Question 13

what is the structure of the frontal lobe?

Answer 13

• located at front of brain, in cerebral cortex, behind forehead
• largest of brain lobes

Question 14

what is the function of the frontal lobe?

Answer 14

decision making, problem solving, personality & control of voluntary movement

Question 15

what is the structure of the corpus callosum?

Answer 15

• thick bond of nerve fibres
• located beneath cerebral cortex
• connects left & right hemisphere

Question 16

what is the function of the corpus callosum?

Answer 16

communication between left & right hemispheres

Question 17

what is the structure of the hypothalamus?

Answer 17

• between frontal lobe & cerebellum

Question 18

what is the function of the hypothalamus?

Answer 18

regulates body temp, appetite & hormones

Question 19

what is the structure of the medulla?

Answer 19

• located in brainstem, connecting spinal cord & brain
• lies at base of brain

Question 20

what is the function of the medulla?

Answer 20

controls vital involuntary functions, like breathing, heart rate & blood pressure

Question 21

what is the structure of the meninges?

Answer 21

• 3 layers of membrane that cover & protect brain & spinal cord

Question 22

what are the 3 layers of membrane in the meninges?

Answer 22

1. dura mater- tough outer layer
2. Arachnoid mater- middle, web-like layer
3. pia mater- thin layer, adheres directly to brains surface

Question 23

what is the function of the meninges?

Answer 23

• protect brain & spinal cord by providing cushioning with cerebrospinal fluid
• prevent infection

Question 24

what are neurons?

Answer 24

specialised cells designed to transmit chemical & electrical signals through the body