Musculoskeletal System

Question 1

The musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

Bones, joints, and muscles.

Question 2

Joints

Answer 2

Where 2 bones meet to allow movement

Question 3

Connective tissue

Answer 3

Anchors, connects, and supports other body tissue

Question 4

Cartilage

Answer 4

Connective tissue that cushions joints

Question 5

Ligaments

Answer 5

Strong bands of connective tissue (connects bones, supports joints)

Question 6

Synovial membrane

Answer 6

Lines joints, and contains synovial fluid (lubricates joints)

Question 7

Skeletal muscle

Answer 7

Muscle attached to bone

Question 8

Smooth muscle

Answer 8

Muscle in the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels

Question 9

Cardiac muscle

Answer 9

Muscle in the heart

Question 10

Closed/simple fracture

Answer 10

Bone breaks but there is no puncture in skin

Question 11

Open/compounded fracture

Answer 11

Broken bone breaks through the skin

Question 12

Compression fracture

Answer 12

Bones get pushed together

Question 13

Fragmented fracture

Answer 13

There are many pieces

Question 14

Complete fracture

Answer 14

Bone is completely broken

Question 15

Partial fracture

Answer 15

Bone is only cracked

Question 16

Reduction

Answer 16

Brings ends of bones together

Question 17

Closed reduction

Answer 17

Reduction done without opening the skin

Question 18

Open reduction

Answer 18

Reduction done by opening the skin

Question 19

Open reduction with internal fixation

Answer 19

Reduction done by opening the skin and pins, plates, or wires are inserted to hold the bones in place

Question 20

Cast care

Answer 20

1. Keep dry
2. Report signs of pain, infection, swelling, or abnormal sensations
3. Plaster dries in 24-28 hours, do not dent or overheat

Question 21

Traction

Answer 21

1.Immobilizes by pulling bones into alignment
2. Types of tractions - skin, cervical, skeletal
3. Check pin site or contact site for signs of breakdown or infection

Question 22

Braces

Answer 22

Support fracture when cast or splint cannot be applied

Question 23

Splint

Answer 23

Immobilizes when cast cannot be applied

Question 24

Hip fracture

Answer 24

1. Usually requires surgery
2. Slower healing in elderly
3. Increased anxiety and fear with mobility

Question 25

Spine fracture

Answer 25

1. May require surgery 2. Immobilization required 3. May cause paralysis or change in sensations

Question 26

Skull fracture

Answer 26

1. Occasionally requires surgery 2. May cause brain injury or irritation to blood vessels/brain tissue 3. Protect from further injury

Question 27

Osteomyelitis

Answer 27

Osteo (bone) myelo (marrow) itis (inflammation) Inflammation/infection of the bone marrow

Question 28

Amputation

Answer 28

1. Can be caused by accident or surgery 2. Can cause phantom pain 3. Prosthetic is fitted after healing, requires rehab to learn how to use

Question 29

Osteoperosis

Answer 29

Osteo (bone) poro (porous) osis (condition) Condition that causes porous bones.

Question 30

Fibromyalgia

Answer 30

Aches, pains, stiffness in muscles, and fatigue. Has no cure

Question 31

Lupus

Answer 31

Chronic auto immune disease that can affect any body part, causes inflammation and tissue damage

Question 32

Scleroderma

Answer 32

Rare, chronic disorders that cause hardening of skin

Question 33

Gout (metabolic arthritis)

Answer 33

A build up of ulric acid in the joint cartilage, causes pain, swelling, and redness

Question 34

Osteoarthritis

Answer 34

Caused by wear and tear, causes inflammation and and joint pain

Question 35

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 35

Caused by autoimmune disorder, causes joint pain and inflammation, and deformities in fingers. Is symmetrical. May affect lungs and other systems.

Question 36

Hinge joint

Answer 36

Allow movement in 1 direction

Question 37

Pivot joint

Answer 37

Allow to turn side to side

Question 38

Ball and socket joint

Answer 38

Allow movement in all direction

Question 39

Long bone

Answer 39

Hard and dense, provide strength, structure, mobility

Question 40

Short bone

Answer 40

Cube shaped, allow skill and ease in movement

Question 41

Flat bone

Answer 41

Thin, flat, and curved, protect organs

Question 42

Irregular bone

Answer 42

Irregular shaped with bony projections, allow muscle attachment

Question 43

Sesamoid bone

Answer 43

Short or irregular bone that are embedded in and protect tendon (e.x., knee cap)