Musculoskeletal system

Question 1

Function of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 1

 Framework which supports the bodily structure

 It protects the vital organs

 Facilitates mobility

 Movement helps to produce heat

 Aids in venous return

 Bone marrow produces red blood cells and platelets

 Calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium are stored within the musculoskeletal system

Question 2

Types of bones

Answer 2

Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular

Question 3

Types of joints

Answer 3

Ball socket
Hinge 
Saddle 
Pivotal 
Gliding

Question 4

Subjective data

Answer 4

Any trauma, arthritis, osteoporosis, joint pains, surgeries?

Drink alcohol?

Exercise

Question 5

Inspection of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 5

• Observe for MUSCLES for bilateral symmetry
   Abnormal findings include atrophy (a decrease in size),
• Note size and contour of joint; inspect skin and tissues over joints for color, swelling, and any masses or deformity
• Presence of swelling signals joint irritation
• Observe JOINTS for full range of motion to assess the degree of movement.
• Joint movements include flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, supination, and pronation.
   Normally, each joint has full range of motion, is non-tender, and moves smoothly.
• With the patient standing, inspect the SPINE from the back and from the side
   Spine normally has concave curves at the cervical and lumbar spine and convex curves at the thoracic and sacrococcygeal spine.
   Abnormal curvature: Scoliosis, Lordosis, kyphosis

Question 6

Palpation of the musculoskeletal system

Answer 6

• Palpate each joint, including skin for temperature, muscles, bony articulations, and area of joint capsule; notice any heat, tenderness, crepitus, swelling, or masses which signal inflammation
   Joints normally not tender to palpation
   If tenderness occurs, localize to specific anatomic structures, for example, skin, muscles, bursae, ligaments, tendons, fat pads, or joint capsule

Question 7

Each joint has it’s range of motions, list the different types of range of motion

Answer 7

 Flexion
 Extension
 Abduction
 Adduction
 Supination
 Pronation
 Eversion
 Inversion
 Rotation
 Protraction
 Retraction

Question 8

Muscle strength

Answer 8

Strength graded on 0-5 scale
 0- no muscular strength

 1- barely detectable flicker or contraction of the muscle

 2-active movement of the part with gravity eliminated

 3- active movement against gravity

 4 active movement against gravity with some resistance

 5- active movement against full resistance without fatigue

Question 9

Assessment of bilateral muscle strength

Answer 9

Assess Bilateral Muscle Strength
 Test hand grip by asking client to squeeze your fingers. Rate muscle strength from 0 to 5, with 0 indicating no muscle contraction and 5 (normal) indicating full range of motion against gravity with full resistance
 Test arm strength by asking client to close eyes and hold arms out in front with palms up 20–30 seconds

Response: Muscle strength is equal bilaterally and Maintains position for 20–30 seconds

Question 10

Hemiplegia

Answer 10

Absent or weak muscle function on one side may be sign of (paralysis of one side of the body);

Question 11

Paraplegia - paralysis of the legs or lower part of the body

Question 12

Tetraplegia or Quadriplegia

Answer 12

Paralysis of arms and legs