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Health Assessment > Head, Eyes, Lymph Nodes > Flashcards

Head, Eyes, Lymph Nodes Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial Bones (11)

A 
MAIN (4)
Frontal 
Parietal 
Occipital 
Temporal
OTHERS (7)
Lacrimal 
Nasal 
Ethmoid 
Zygomatic 
Maxilla
Mandible
Sphenoid
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2
Q

Salivary Glands (3)

A
  • Parotid: in cheeks over mandible
  • Submandibular: beneath mandible
  • Sublingual: lies in floor of mouth
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3
Q

Neck muscles (2)

A

Sternomastoid - enables head rotation
Trapezius - move shoulders, extends and turn head.

Innervated by cranial nerve XI (11)

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4
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Endocrine gland that straddles the trachea in middle of the neck

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5
Q

Thyroid gland function

A

Synthesizes and secretes:
• Thyroxine (T4)
• Triiodothyroine (T3)

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6
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Major part of the immune system which detects and eliminates foreign substance from the body.

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7
Q

Lymph nodes (10)

A

1) Preauricular: front of ear
2) Posterior auricular: behind ear
3) Occipital: base of head
4) Submental: behind tip of mandible
5) Submandibular: halfway between angle and tip of mandible
6) Jugulodigastric: under angle of mandible
7) Superficial cervical: overlying sternomastoid muscle
8) Deep cervical: deep under sternomastoid muscle
9) Posterior cervical: in posterior triangle along edge of trapezius muscle
10) Supraclavicular: behind clavicle

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8
Q

Bones of neonatal skull are separated by

A

Sutures and fontanels

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9
Q

COLDSPA

A

Characteristics: What does it feel like?

Onset: When did it start?

Location: Where is it?

Duration: How long does it last?

Severity: How much does it affect you?

Predisposing factors: What relieves or worsens it?

Associated factors: Any related symptoms?

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10
Q

Preparation

A

Have patient remove hats, wigs or hair ornaments if present

Client seated looking straight ahead

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11
Q

Inspection of the head

A

Normocephalic and symmetrical

Equal distribution of hair which is smooth without infestations

No signs of lesions, lacerations or lumps

Normal complexion with rest of body

Abnormal: hydrocephalus or acromegaly, jaundice, pallor, cyanosis

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12
Q

Palpation of head

A

No tenderness

Temporal artery 3+ with normal rhythm

Temporomandibular has smooth movement with no limitations

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13
Q

Inspection of face

A

Normal facial expressions

Facial structures symmetrical

Note any involuntary movement (tics)in facial muscles

Abnormal: Bell’s palsy, exophthalmos, jaundice, cyanosis, jaundice

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14
Q

Palpation of face

A

Inspect sinuses for edema or discoloration

Frontal sinus and maxillary sinuses palpate without tenderness

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15
Q

Inspection and Palpation of neck

A

Head position is midline and accessory muscles are symmetrical

Head is held erect and still

Normal ROM, no swelling of thyroid gland

Lymph nodes are non tender and non palpable. If nodes are enlarged or tender, check area they drain as source

Thyroid gland is difficult to palpate. No enlargement nor presence of nodules. If enlarged auscultate bruits.

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16
Q

Infant and Children head variations

A

Caput Succedaneum

Cephalhematoma

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17
Q

Infant and children neck variations

A

Child’s lymph nodes are palpable but usually not cervical. Less than 3 mm

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18
Q

Cranitotabes

A

Softening of skull’s outer layer

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19
Q

Caput Succedaneum

A

Edematous swelling and ecchymosis of presenting part of head caused by child birth

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20
Q

Cephalhematoma

A

subperiosteal hemorrhage, a result of birth trauma

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Thyroid gland may be palpable normally during pregnancy

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Chloasma

A

Blotchy, hyperpigmented area over face and forehead in pregnancy which fades after delivery

23
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Obstruction of drainage of cerebrospinal fluid resulting in

  • Excessive accumulation
  • Increasing intracranial pressure
  • Enlargement of head
24
Q

Acromegaly

A

Excessive secretion of growth hormone from pituitary gland after puberty which creates enlarged skull, thicken cranial bones, massive face and coarse features.

25
Q

Canthus

A

Corner of eye, angle where lids meet

26
Q

Palpebral fissure

A

Oval open space between eyelidsb

27
Q

Conjunctiva

A

Transparent, protective covering of exposed part of eye

28
Q

Cornea

A

Covers and protects iris and pupils, bends incoming light rays

29
Q

Lacrimal gland

A

Secrets tears, located in upper outer corner over eyes

30
Q

Eye

A

A sphere of three (3) concentric coats

 - Outer fibrous sclera 
 - Middle vascular choroid 
 - Inner nervous retina
31
Q

Sclera

A

Tough, protective white covering

32
Q

Iris

A

Functions as a diaphragm, controls amount of light admitted into retina

33
Q

Normal pupil

A

Round and regular, size determined by balance between PNS and SNS

34
Q

Pupillary light reflex

A

Normal constriction of pupils when bright light shines on retina

35
Q

Accommodation

A

Adaptation of eye for near vision

  • Convergence (motion toward) of the axes of the eyeballs
  • Pupillary constriction
36
Q

Causes of decreased visual functioning in older adults

A

Cataract formation

Glaucoma

Macular degeneration

Loss of central vision

37
Q

Strabismus

A

Crossed eyes

38
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

39
Q

Photophobia

A

Sensitivity to light

40
Q

Equipment needed for eye examination

A
  • Snellen Chart
  • Occluder
  • Penlight
41
Q

Confrontation test

A

Compares client’s peripheral vision with yours

42
Q

Hirschberg test

A

Assess parallel alignment in eye axes by shining a light toward client’s eyes.

Reflection of light in cornea should be the same spot in both eyes

43
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils Equal Round Reactive to Light and Accommodation

44
Q

Direct light reflex

A

Constriction of same sided pupil

45
Q

Consensual light reflex

A

Simultaneous constriction of other pupil

46
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Pupils dilate in response to light

A

FALSE

47
Q

Test visual acuity

A

Snellen chart

48
Q

Test visual fields

A

Confrontation test

49
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Protruding eyes

50
Q

Enophthalmos

A

Sunken eyes

51
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping upper lid

52
Q

Glaucoma

A

a disturbance in the circulation of aqueous fluid, which causes an increase in intraocular pressure

53
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness

54
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness

Health Assessment (11 decks)

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