Hair, Skin & Nails

Question 1

List the risks for skin lesions in hospitalized patients (6)

Answer 1

Immobility 
Lack of exercise 
Poor nutrition 
Certain conditions: diabetes mellitus 
Lack of sensation 
Dehydration

Question 2

Identify 2 skin conditions that are due to excessive dryness

Answer 2

Eczema

Xerosis

Question 3

Melanoma

Answer 3

A type of skin cancer that begins in melanocytes which control pigmentation in skin

Question 4

Pigmentation

Answer 4

The coloring of the skin produced by melanocytes

Question 5

Indurated

Answer 5

Localized, deep thickening of skin as a result of inflammation, edema or infiltration.

Question 6

Turgor

Answer 6

The skin’s elasticity and its ability to retain its original shape after it has been pinched

Question 7

Edema

Answer 7

This is the medical term for swelling which may occur due to inflammation or excessive fluid within the specific body part.

Question 8

Senile Keratosis

Answer 8

A thick, scaly patch of skin that may become cancer

Question 9

Cherry angiomas

Answer 9

Papules that can either be purple or red, found on the extremities or trunk. However, they have no clinical significance and are normally found in the elderly.

Question 10

Macule

Answer 10

A flat area of discolored skin that is less than 1 cm in diameter e.g. freckle

Question 11

Papule

Answer 11

A solid, elevated mass that is less than 1 cm in size with circumscribed borders, found in the epidermis layer of skin e.g. mole or wart

Question 12

Nodule

Answer 12

A nodule is similar to a papule but it is either greater than 3 or 5 cm and is mostly centered in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue e.g. keloids

Question 13

Tumour

Answer 13

A swelling of a part of the body caused by abnormal growth which is greater than 1-2 cm e.g. carcinoma

Question 14

Wheal

Answer 14

A superficial area of edema which has irregular borders e.g. bug bites or hives

Question 15

Vesicle

Answer 15

Usually less than 0.5 cm in diameter, filled with superficial fluid e.g. blister

Question 16

Pustule

Answer 16

A pustule is a pus filled vesicle or a bulla e.g. acne

Question 17

Ulcer

Answer 17

Skin loss extending pass the epidermis with necrotic tissue e.g. pressure ulcer

Question 18

Clubbing

Answer 18

An angle of the nails that is greater than 160°, usually 180° and results from a lack of oxygen.

Question 19

Beau’s lines

Answer 19

These are indentations or bridging of the nails resulting from trauma which may disappear after some time

Question 20

Kolionchyia

Answer 20

This is spon nails which look scooped either caused by trauma or iron deficiency anemia

Question 21

Splinter hemorrhages

Answer 21

Tiny blood spots that appear underneath the nails which look like splinters and occurs due to trauma or when blood vessels are damaged

Question 22

Paronychia

Answer 22

A skin infection around the fingernails or toenail usually affecting the cuticle or up to the side of the nail.

Question 23

List three types of lice

Answer 23

1. Pediculosis capitus (head louse)
2. Pediculosis corporis (body louse)
3. Pediculosis pubis (crab louse)

Question 24

Mole

Answer 24

Papule

Question 25

Stretch Marks

Answer 25

Striae

Question 26

Freckles

Answer 26

Macule/Petechiae

Question 27

Inflammation of the nail bed

Answer 27

Paronychia

Question 28

Herpes simplex

Answer 28

Vesicle

Question 29

Acne

Answer 29

Pustule

Question 30

Wart

Answer 30

Nodule

Question 31

Nail Indentations

Answer 31

Beaus

Question 32

Bruising

Answer 32

Ecchymosis

Question 33

Associated with liver disease

Answer 33

Jaundice

Question 34

Scar

Answer 34

Connective tissue (collagen) that replaces normal tissue permanently

Question 35

Lichenification

Answer 35

Rough, thickened, hardened area of epidermis resulting from chronic irritation such as scratching or rubbing.

Examples: chronic dermatitis

Question 36

Fissure

Answer 36

Linear crack extending into dermis, dry or moist. At the corners of mouth or feet due to excess moisture or athlete’s foot.

Question 37

Erosion

Answer 37

Scooped out but shallow depression. Superficial, moist with no bleeding. Heals without scar as it does not extend into dermis.

Question 38

Excoriation

Answer 38

Linear erosion.

Examples: scratches, some chemical burns

Question 39

Senile lentigines

Answer 39

small, flat, brown macules. Commonly in areas exposed to the sun. On forearms and hands. Benign.

e.g., Liver spots

Question 40

Cyst

Answer 40

Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity that tensely elevates skin. Sebaceous cyst, wen.

Question 41

Stage I pressure ulcer

Answer 41

Intact skin is red but unbroken with localized redness that does now blanch.

Question 42

Stage II pressure ulcer

Answer 42

Partial-thickness skin erosion. Loss of epidermis or dermis.

Superficial ulcer that looks shallow or an open blister with a red-pink wound bed.

Question 43

Stage III pressure ulcer

Answer 43

full-thickness pressure ulcer that extends into the subcutaneous tissue and resembles a crater. May see fat.

Question 44

Stage IV pressure ulcer

Answer 44

Full-thickness involving all skin layers and supporting tissue. Exposes muscle, tendon, or bone. May show slough (Stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue).

Question 45

Pallor

Answer 45

is the result of inadequate circulating blood or hemoglobin and subsequent reduction in tissue oxygen

Question 46

Cyanosis

Answer 46

(a bluish tinge) is most evident in the nail beds, lips,

and buccal mucosa.

Question 47

Jaundice

Answer 47

(a yellowish tinge) may first be evident in the sclera of the eyes and then in the mucous membranes and the skin

Question 48

Plaque

Answer 48

are larger than 1 cm (0.4 in.).

Examples: psoriasis, rubeola.

Question 49

Bullae

Answer 49

are larger than 0.5 cm

Examples: large blister, second degree burn, herpes simplex