Hair, Skin & Nails Flashcards
List the risks for skin lesions in hospitalized patients (6)
Immobility Lack of exercise Poor nutrition Certain conditions: diabetes mellitus Lack of sensation Dehydration
Identify 2 skin conditions that are due to excessive dryness
Eczema
Xerosis
Melanoma
A type of skin cancer that begins in melanocytes which control pigmentation in skin
Pigmentation
The coloring of the skin produced by melanocytes
Indurated
Localized, deep thickening of skin as a result of inflammation, edema or infiltration.
Turgor
The skin’s elasticity and its ability to retain its original shape after it has been pinched
Edema
This is the medical term for swelling which may occur due to inflammation or excessive fluid within the specific body part.
Senile Keratosis
A thick, scaly patch of skin that may become cancer
Cherry angiomas
Papules that can either be purple or red, found on the extremities or trunk. However, they have no clinical significance and are normally found in the elderly.
Macule
A flat area of discolored skin that is less than 1 cm in diameter e.g. freckle
Papule
A solid, elevated mass that is less than 1 cm in size with circumscribed borders, found in the epidermis layer of skin e.g. mole or wart
Nodule
A nodule is similar to a papule but it is either greater than 3 or 5 cm and is mostly centered in the dermis or subcutaneous tissue e.g. keloids
Tumour
A swelling of a part of the body caused by abnormal growth which is greater than 1-2 cm e.g. carcinoma
Wheal
A superficial area of edema which has irregular borders e.g. bug bites or hives
Vesicle
Usually less than 0.5 cm in diameter, filled with superficial fluid e.g. blister
Pustule
A pustule is a pus filled vesicle or a bulla e.g. acne
Ulcer
Skin loss extending pass the epidermis with necrotic tissue e.g. pressure ulcer
Clubbing
An angle of the nails that is greater than 160°, usually 180° and results from a lack of oxygen.
Beau’s lines
These are indentations or bridging of the nails resulting from trauma which may disappear after some time
Kolionchyia
This is spon nails which look scooped either caused by trauma or iron deficiency anemia
Splinter hemorrhages
Tiny blood spots that appear underneath the nails which look like splinters and occurs due to trauma or when blood vessels are damaged
Paronychia
A skin infection around the fingernails or toenail usually affecting the cuticle or up to the side of the nail.
List three types of lice
- Pediculosis capitus (head louse)
- Pediculosis corporis (body louse)
- Pediculosis pubis (crab louse)
Mole
Papule
Stretch Marks
Striae
Freckles
Macule/Petechiae
Inflammation of the nail bed
Paronychia
Herpes simplex
Vesicle
Acne
Pustule
Wart
Nodule
Nail Indentations
Beaus
Bruising
Ecchymosis
Associated with liver disease
Jaundice
Scar
Connective tissue (collagen) that replaces normal tissue permanently
Lichenification
Rough, thickened, hardened area of epidermis resulting from chronic irritation such as scratching or rubbing.
Examples: chronic dermatitis
Fissure
Linear crack extending into dermis, dry or moist. At the corners of mouth or feet due to excess moisture or athlete’s foot.
Erosion
Scooped out but shallow depression. Superficial, moist with no bleeding. Heals without scar as it does not extend into dermis.
Excoriation
Linear erosion.
Examples: scratches, some chemical burns
Senile lentigines
small, flat, brown macules. Commonly in areas exposed to the sun. On forearms and hands. Benign.
e.g., Liver spots
Cyst
Encapsulated fluid-filled cavity that tensely elevates skin. Sebaceous cyst, wen.
Stage I pressure ulcer
Intact skin is red but unbroken with localized redness that does now blanch.
Stage II pressure ulcer
Partial-thickness skin erosion. Loss of epidermis or dermis.
Superficial ulcer that looks shallow or an open blister with a red-pink wound bed.
Stage III pressure ulcer
full-thickness pressure ulcer that extends into the subcutaneous tissue and resembles a crater. May see fat.
Stage IV pressure ulcer
Full-thickness involving all skin layers and supporting tissue. Exposes muscle, tendon, or bone. May show slough (Stringy matter attached to wound bed) or eschar (black or brown necrotic tissue).
Pallor
is the result of inadequate circulating blood or hemoglobin and subsequent reduction in tissue oxygen
Cyanosis
(a bluish tinge) is most evident in the nail beds, lips,
and buccal mucosa.
Jaundice
(a yellowish tinge) may first be evident in the sclera of the eyes and then in the mucous membranes and the skin
Plaque
are larger than 1 cm (0.4 in.).
Examples: psoriasis, rubeola.
Bullae
are larger than 0.5 cm
Examples: large blister, second degree burn, herpes simplex
