Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
How many bones are there in the human body?
206
What is the smallest bone in the human body?
Ear-ossicles (Drum, anvil and hammer)
What is the largest bone in the human body?
Femur
How many bones are you born with?
270
What are the 3 parts of the skeleton?
- Head
- Trunk
- Limbs
Give 4 examples of bones found in the head.
The frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe and mandible.
Give 5 examples of bones found in the trunk.
Scapula, sternum, clavicle, ribs and vertebrae.
Give 8 examples of bones that are considered to be limbs.
Humerus, femur, fibula, patella, tibias, ulna/radius, phalanges (feet+hands) and metatarsals
What are the 3 different types of bone tissue?
- Compact Bone
- Spongy Bone
- Yellow Marrow
Where is the compact bone found?
On the outside
Where is the spongy bone found?
On the inside
Where and what does the yellow bone marrow do?
It’s found in the center of the bone and produces blood cells.
How does a broken bone repair itself?
New tissues are formed!
What are the 4 different types of bones?
- Long bones
- Short bones
- Flat bones
- Irregular bones
What are long bones and where can they be found?
Long bones are longer than wider and they can be found in the limbs.
What are short bones and where can they be found?
Short bones are in a cubic shape and they can be found in the wrist and the heel.
What are flat bones and where can they be found?
Flat bones are thin, curved and flat and they can be found in the skull and the scapula.
What are irregular bones and where can they be found?
Irregular bones have funny shapes and they can be found principally in the spine.
What are the 5 functions of bones?
- Protection
- Movement
- Support
- Storage
- Production of cells
Why do bones serve as protection?
Bones form a rigid structure that protects our vital organs.
Why do bones serve for movement?
Muscles contract and allow our bones to move. Muscles are connected by joints.
Why do bones serve as support?
The skeleton is our support framework. It allows us to sit, stand, bear weight, as well as maintain our posture.
Why do bones serve for storage?
Bones store fat, minerals - calcium (99%) and phosphorus (85%).
Why do bones produce cells?
Bone marrow produces the formed elements in the blood (red/white blood cells + platelets).
What is a joint?
A joint is a junction between 2 bones.
What are the 6 different types of joints?
- Pivot
- Hinge
- Plane
- Ball and Socket
- Saddle
- Ellipsoid
What are the 5 different parts of a joint?
- Bone
- Joint Capsule
- Cartilage
- Ligament (connects bone to bone)
- Joint cavity which contains synovial fluid (which allows movement)
Muscles can…
Contract causing our bodies and internal organs to move.
What 2 things happen when you work your muscles?
- Heat is generated
- Energy is used
What are the 4 functions of muscles?
- Movement (muscles make movement possible)
- Joint stabilization (keeps joints in place)
- Posture maintenance (works continuously)
- Heat release (85% of body temperature comes from muscle use)
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
- Skeletal (voluntary movements and tire out easily (ex: walking, running)
- Smooth (internal organs - they work a lot but slowly (ex: walls of the stomach)
- Cardiac (heart muscle, involuntary - muscles contract to pump blood)
Name the 9 muscles to-know.
- Quadriceps, calf, hamstring, glutes.
- Biceps, tricep, pectoral, abs.
- Latissimus Dorsi (Lats, back).
