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Emergency Clinical Care > Musculoskeletal & Soft Tissue Injuries > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal & Soft Tissue Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What are bones made up of and what can they also manufacture?

A

dense tissue, supplied by nerves and blood vessels
Some manufacture red blood cells
*bleeding can be serious when broken

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2
Q

Why are kids and older adults more likely to have their bones broken?

A

Kid’s bones are more softer and porous and calcium has not been entrenches into the bone for more strength
Older bones lose mass and density as body leeches calcium

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3
Q

What are the 4 types of bones and give examples?

A

long ones(leg and arm), short bones(hand feet), flat bones (ribs and collarbone), and irregular bones (skull and vertebrae)

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4
Q

What is a joint and what are two joints opposite in ability of motion?

A

Two or more bones come together in a single place- allow movement
Shoulders-wide range of motion
Hip- limited motion

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5
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Tough fibrous connective tissues

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6
Q

What happens when you force a joint beyond it’s normal range of motion? Which joints are more serious? Describe the symptoms of the weight bearing joint?

A

Ligament can tear- swelling, pain and deformity.
Ankle and knees- pain, lose of motion and often deformity

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7
Q

How do muscle produce movement?

A

contracts and shortens

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8
Q

Where are the voluntary muscles located?

A

Arms, legs, upper back, hips and covers the ribs and abdomen

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9
Q

What are the involuntary muscles located?

A

Not controlled by conscious thought
Ex. esophagus, heart, stomach and colon

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10
Q

How are the skeletal muscles attached to the bones?

A

directly or by tendons

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11
Q

What is the relationship between musles and jon

A

Muscles allow the joints to move

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12
Q

What are tendons and what happens if there are too much force?

A

A shiny white band that attaches to the muscles and through a network of tiny fibers, connects with a bone
Too much force can pull a tendon loose and even a small piece of the bone

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13
Q

What are ligaments?

A

Connect bone to bone across a joint

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14
Q

What is a sprain?

A

Injury to the ligaments- stretched and partially or completely torn

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of sprains?

A

pain, swelling, deformity, discoloration of the skin and inability to use the affected part normally

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16
Q

What are the common places for sprains?

A

thumb, fingers, knee and ankle

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17
Q

What do you to if someone has a sprain?

A

perform RICE

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18
Q

What does the R in Rice stand for and explain?

A

Rest: stay off the injured part completely and splint it

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19
Q

What does the I in Rice stand for and explain?

A

Ice: Use cool packs, crushed ice or cold towels or immerse it for 10-20 minutes every 1-2 hours; process should continue for the first 24-48 hours
Do not put ice on someone who has issues with the cold
Apply ice by putting it in a plastic bag and having something in between

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20
Q

What does the C in Rice stand for and explain?

A

Compression:Use a compression bandage
2 inch wide for injuries of the wrist and hand
3 inch wide for the injuries of the arm, elbow or ankle
4 -6 inch wide for leg knee or ankle
Should wear it for the first 18-24 hours except cold pack time
Make sure it is not too tight and below the injured area

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21
Q

What does the E stand for in RICE and explain?

A

Elevation: limits circulation, reduces swelling, and encourages lympathic drainage; elevate to heart level

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22
Q

What is a dislocation?

A

Injury to the joints- separation of the bones from the joints

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23
Q

What are some signs and symptoms of dislocation?

A

pain, tenderness, deformity, difficulty or inhabitlity to move a joint

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24
Q

What is the treatment for dislocation?

A

Assess capillary refill and check distal pulses and asses nerve function
Immobilize the joint- check the capillary refill and pulse aftering splintiing
Use RICE
Treat for shock- warm and comfy

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25
What is a strain?
Soft tissue injury of the muscle Commonly occurs to the back
26
What are the symptoms of a strain?
extreme pain, severe tenderness, pain or stiffness if the muscle is moved, bump or indentation that can be seen or felt, loss of function of the injured muscle
27
What is the treatment of a strain?
Immobilize the injury Place the victim in a comfortable position Apply cold as describe in step 2 of RICE Activate EMS
28
What are the 3 types of force can a fracture be caused by?
Direct, indirect and twisting force
29
What is direct force?
from something actually hitting you
30
What is indirect force?
force from falling or something else that causes a fracture
31
What is twisting force?
When one part of the bone stays stationary which the other part twsists and fractures
32
What are some signs and symptoms of fractures?
Deformity pain and tenderness increased skin temperature at injury site, crepitus) a grating noise), rapid and immediate swelling, discoloration or redness, open wound, joint locked into position, guarding (protecting an injured part), and possible loss of function
33
What is an Abrasion?
top layer of the skin is removed with little or no blood loss Can be painful because nerve endinsg are taken away with the skin AKA scrape or road rash
34
What is a lacteration?
cut skin with jagged irregular edges Due to forceful tearing of the skin
35
What are incisions?
has smooth edges and resemble a surgical or paper cut Bleeding depends on depth location and size
36
What are punctures?
deep, narrow wounds in the skin and underlying organs Stab wound from a nail or knife Risk of infection is high
37
What is an avulsion?
loose flap of skin
38
What is the treatment for open wounds?
PPE or use gauze pads, clean cloths, plastic wraps or bags, etc.OR have the person apply direct pressure with a clean cloth Expose the wound. If necessary remove clothing from the area Use direct pressure or other methods If there is a shallow wound wash the inside soap and water. Run water on the wound If the wound is deep or has a high risk of infection, seek professional care and if you are far from them clean it as best as you can Anything not flushed out should be manually removed If bleeding restarts DIRECT PRESSURE
39
Wat do you do when covering a small wound?
thin layer of antibiotic ointment and sterile dressing
40
What do you do when covering a large wound?
large, deep and contaminate wounds should be managed by professional
41
What are the 2 types of amputations?
Crushing and clean
42
What is a crushing amputation?
when an extremity is being crushed or mashed off. Most common and not able to be reattached
43
What is a clean amputation?
: clean cut Has a chance of being reattached
44
What is the treatment for amputation?
Call 911 Use direct pressure Wrap the amputated part in a sterile gauze or clean cloth that has been wet with water and put the wrapper part in a waterproff container then out it in a containeer of ice. Send the part with the person Ask other people to search for it if not found
45
What is the treatment for an avulsion?
Put the skin flap back in its normal position Cover with a sterile or clean dressing and apply pressure If bleeding continues take advanced measures- tourniquet or hemostatic dressing
46
What do you do if there is a sliver (splinter)?
Remove with tweezers Wash the area with soap and water Apply antibiotic Apply an adhesive bandage
47
What do you do if there is a large object that is impaled?
Do not move the object Stabilize the object with bulky dressing or padding around the base Apply direct pressure around the base of the object if bleeding If necessary reduce the length of the impaled object if necessary Call 9-1-1
48
What is a contusion?
blood dispersed in tissues- pain and swelling; bruise
49
What is a hematoma?
a pool of blood surrounding a major bone fracture or any injury to a large blood vessel. Lump with discoloration
50
What is a crush injury? List some symptoms?
extreme forces that injure the vital organs and bones. Discoloration, swelling pain and loss of use
51
What do you do during a closed injury
Control bleeding by applying an ice pack for no more than 20 minutes. Wait atleast for 20 minutes beforeapplying it again If it involves a limb, apply an elastic bandage for compression. Splint can help Check for fracture Elevate the extremity above the person’s heart level to decrease pain and swelling
52
Treatment from clamping objects
Remove hand from clamp, apply lubricant, call 911?
53
How do you treat a chest injury?
EMS Occlusive dressing, tape it on 3 sides Leave one corner untaped
54
How do you treat abdominal injuries?
EMS, no touch organs Clean moist, sterile dressing & streile gauze Occlusive material Wrap with bandage
55
What do you do if there is a bite?
Wash hands?
56
Treatment for Fractures
DOTS (deformity, open wound, tenderness and swelling) one or more indicates broken bone Call 911 if the extremity is blue or really pale; do not move it If there is bleeding, apply pressure to the egdes of the wound. DO not push the bone and cover the wound & exposed bone with a dressing. If there is no bleeding and the bleeding has been treated and EMS will not arrive soon then perform RICE. Then, stabilize the injured part with a splint and check for CSM If the EMS will be arriving soon either you or the person may hold the injured part.
57
What is CSM and how do you check it?
Circulation: check for pulse Sensation: lightly touch or squeeze one of the person’s fingers and ask which finger is being squeezed (or toes) Movement; ask them to wiggle their fingers (or toes)
58
Which fractures should be prioritized?
Spinal injuries
59
Types of Splints:
Rigid Splint- commercial splint Traction Splint: pulls in the opposite directly of the injury- only for broken thigh Improvised Splint
60
Where are bites more common with?
Dogs, then snakes. Usually a concern with little kids
61
Degloving
a traumatic injury that results in top layers of the skin and tissue being torn away from the underlying muscle, connective tissue or bone

Emergency Clinical Care (16 decks)

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