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Emergency Clinical Care > Chapter 15: Extremity Injuries > Flashcards

Chapter 15: Extremity Injuries Flashcards

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Royal College: Emergency Medicine flashcards
1
Q

What does RICE stand for?

A

rest, ice, compression, elevation

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2
Q

What is rest in RICE?

A

complete rest; splinting

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3
Q

What is ice in RICE?

A

Use cool packs, crushed ice or cold towels or immerse it for 10-20 minutes every 1-2 hours; process should continue for the first 24-48 hours
Do not put ice on someone who has issues with the cold
Apply ice by putting it in a plastic bag and having something in betwe

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4
Q

What is Compression in RICE?

A

Use a compression bandage
2 inch wide for injuries of the wrist and hand
3 inch wide for the injuries of the arm, elbow or ankle
4 -6 inch wide for leg knee or ankle
Should wear it for the first 18-24 hours except cold pack time
Maklimits circulation, reduces swelling, and encourages lympathic drainage; elevate to heart level
make sure it is not too tight and below the injured area

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5
Q

What is elevation in RICE?

A

above heart level

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6
Q

What is tendinitis? Which group of people is it seen in?

A

inflammation of a tendon due to overuse.Seen in athletes with throwing sports

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7
Q

Symptoms Tendinits

A

constant pain or pain with motion of the shoulder, limited motion of the shoulder, crackly sound when the joint is moved, and tenderness over the area

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8
Q

Treatment- Tenditis

A

Apply as ice pack/ice massage for 10 minutes after the exercise . Fill polystyrene cup with water and freeze. Tear a small amount of foam from the top so ice protrudes,. Massage firmly about the size of a baseball.
Use a sling and swathe (binder)
Use OTC medications (not certified for it tho)
Seek Professional advice if needed.

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9
Q

What is a contusion?

A

bruising of the tissue

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10
Q

Symptoms of Contusion

A

swelling, pain and tenderness. Tightness or firmness of the site when pressed, visible bruise may appear hours later

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11
Q

Treatment of Contusion

A

Follow the RICE procedure and stretch the muscle

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12
Q

What is a Tennis elbow?

A

occur from sharp, quick twists of the wrist. Inflammation of the tendons on the outer side of the elbow

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13
Q

Symptoms of Tennis elbow

A

Pain that increases while using the arm, gradual grip weakness, injured elbow fatigues quicker than normal, very tender on outer protrusion of the elbow

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14
Q

Treatment of Tennis Elbow

A

Apply heat before an activity; the person may wear a brace or rubber sleeve. Apply an ice pack for 20 minutes after the activity. Seek professional medical advice for a rehab program.

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15
Q

What is golfer elbow?

A

tendinitis affecting tendons

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16
Q

Golfer elbow symptoms

A

pain that increases while using the arm, gradual grip weekaness, injured elbow fatigues quicker than usual

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17
Q

Treatment Golfer Elbow

A

Apply heat before an activity; the person may wear a brace or rubber sleeve. Apply an ice pack for 20 minutes after the activity. Seek professional medical advice for a rehab program.

18
Q

Colle’s fracture symptoms

A

Having pain, falling on an outstretched hand, visible deformity, severe pain, an inability to move wrist

19
Q

Colle’s fracture treatment

A

Assess and treat for shock if indicated.
Apply an ice pack to the area for 20 minutes
Keep the hand and finger in the position of function with extra padding in the palm, apply rigid splint
Or apply 2 rigid splints to both sides of the arms from the elbow to finger
Place arm in sling and swathe (binder) with the hand in a thumbs-up position
Seek professional medical care

20
Q

What is a hip fracture?

A

fracture of the upper end of teh femur, usually caused by a fall

21
Q

Symptoms of a hip fracture?

A

severe pain in the groin, inablitiy to lift the injured leg, and ley may appear shortened and be rotated with the toes pointing abnormally outward or inward

22
Q

Treatment of a hip fracture

A

Seek immediate professional care.
Assess and treat for shock if necessary
Stabilize the injured leg
Check CSM

23
Q

What is a knee injury?

A

one of the most serious joint injuries

24
Q

Knee fracture symptoms

A

May look like a dislocation; deformation, tenderness and swelling

25
Q

Knee Fracture treatment

A

If CSM is absent, seek EM
IF CSM exists with no deformity splint the leg with knee straight
If CSm exists in the ankle with significant deformity, splint in the position found
Seek EMS

26
Q

Knee Dislocation Symptoms

A

Excruciating pain, grotesque deformity, absent pulse in the ankle (posterior tibial)

27
Q

Knee Dislocation treatment

A

Stabilize the knee in the position found
Seek EMS

28
Q

When does patellar dislocation occur?

A

athletic activities

29
Q

Patellar dilocation symptoms

A

blow or twisting causes the kneecap to be moved to the outside of the knee joint, possible swelling, inability to straighten or bend the knee, pain, deformity

30
Q

Patellar dislocation treatment

A

RICE- except compression
Do not relocate
Splint the knee in position found
Seek EMS

31
Q

Knee Sprain symptoms

A

severe pain, pop or snap feeling, locking sensation, inability to walk without limping, inability to bend or straighten the knee; bruising and swelling may occur later

32
Q

Knee sprain treatment

A

RICE and EMS

33
Q

Knee Contusion symptoms

A

Pain, swelling, tenderness, bruise marks

34
Q

Knee Contusion treatment

A

RICE

35
Q

What is shin splints and what is it caused by?

A

pain in the front of the lower leg
Caused by running and extensive walking

36
Q

Symptoms of shin splints

A

ache that occurs during activity but subsides significantly after activity stops; ache that is a result of an increase in the workout routine; chronic condition that gets worse

37
Q

Shin splints treatment

A

Apply an ice pack before an activity and put heat on later.
Apply pressure with a 3-inch elastic bandage over the sorest point
Apply an ice pack for 20 minutes after the activity
Restrict the activity until shin is pain-free
OTC pain medications

38
Q

What is an ankle sprain?

A

stretches or tears supporting ligaments

39
Q

Ankle sprain symptoms

A

Pain and/or popping or tearing sensation that occurs at the time of the injury, swelling and complete loss of function of the ankle that develops minutes after injury

40
Q

Ankle sprain treatment

A

Take off the person’s shoe and sock.
Follow the RICE procedure. A horseshoe or U-shaped pad kept in place by an elastic bandage reduces fluid in the joint.
The amount of swelling and pain does not indicate the severity of the injury. Any questions about it ask professionals.

Emergency Clinical Care (16 decks)

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