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PT exam 2 > Musculoskeletal Screening > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal Screening Flashcards

1
Q

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what is posture

A

alignment of body parts in relation to one another during functional positions of movement

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2
Q

what affects posture / what does posture affect

A

movement
muscle force production
gait
muscle length

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3
Q

what are examples of disease-specific poor posture and how does this differ from habitual?

A

kyphosis or scoliosis
- more structural rather than someone being in a slouched position for example

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4
Q

what is the ideal posture alignment

A

COM over BOS

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5
Q

benefits of ideal posture

A

low energy expenditure to maintain alignment

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6
Q

what are consequences of sustained poor positioning/posture

A

imbalance between strength and flexibility ratio due to imbalance of stretched, weaker muscles and contracted muscles

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7
Q

in the thoracic region, what muscles become tight due to bad posture

A

tight trapezius and levator scapula
tight pectoralis

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8
Q

in the thoracic region, what muscles become weak due to bad posture

A

deep neck flexors
rhomboids and serratus anterior

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9
Q

in the lumbar region, what muscles become tight due to poor posture

A

erector spinae
iliopsoas

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10
Q

in the lumbar region, what muscles become weak due to poor posture

A

abdominals
gluteus maximus

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11
Q

what may cause a patient to alter posture during PT exam

A

response to pain / movement

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12
Q

what is routine posture compared to corrected posture

A

routine = normal, everyday
corrected = changed to fix

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13
Q

what to look for during an informal assessment

A

forward head with protruded chin
shoulders aligned or protruded
leaning to / away from a side
guarded posture
aligned or rotated LE

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14
Q

what are the methods for a formal assessment of posture

A

plumb line
postural grid

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15
Q

how to conduct a full body postural assessment

A

patient in standing
no footwear unless needed/culturally unacceptable
normal fitting clothes

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16
Q

from what views can a postural assessment be completed

A

anterior/posterior and lateral

17
Q

where should the earlobe lie in a lateral view postural assessment

A

in line with acromion

18
Q

what type of exam can palpation be useful in

A

neurological
cardiovascular
pulmonary
integumentary

19
Q

what are the key principles of palpation

A

positioning/alignment of tissue
quality and contour/mass of tissue
abnormal patient experience with tissue palpation

20
Q

what superficial things can be seen with palpation

A

skin turgor
pliability of skin
temperature
areas of bruising
pulse patency / rate

21
Q

what deep structures can be found with palpation

A

bone/joints
muscles and tendons
nerves / blood vessels
abdominal viscera

22
Q

when to stop palpation

A

dont even begin if no consent
if patient declines or is hesitant

23
Q

what is layered palpation

A

slow and rhythmic palpation that gets deeper progressively

24
Q

what to avoid when palpating

A

avoid poking or “on/off” approach

25
Q

what can bone and joint palpation be helpful for?

A

reference points

26
Q

what can be found with muscle palpation

A

muscle tone or spasms
tenderness and the extent of it
swelling / scar tissue
trigger points

27
Q

what can be found in palpation during a cardio exam

A

pulse rate/patency
chest wall movement
swelling
varicosity of veins

28
Q

what is a movement screen

A

an initial screen of quantity /quality of movement to guide further examination

29
Q

what is observed during a movement screen

A

gross body movement
regional movement
joint specific movement

30
Q

what factors lead to movement deficits

A

damaged articular surfaces
capsular tightness
muscle length shortening
age, gender, occupation

31
Q

if pain occurs at the start of a movement, what may that indicate

A

muscle issue

32
Q

if pain occurs throughout a movement, what may that indicate

A

soft tissue or bursa issue

33
Q

if pain occurs at the end of a movement, what may that indicate

A

joint/capsule issue

34
Q

is it easier to predict muscle length issues for one or two joint muscles

A

two

35
Q

what is maximum elongation for a muscle

A

maximum separation between origin and insertion of a muscle produced

36
Q

what is the most essential pre-requisite for gross movement

A

absence of movement restrictions and availability of maximum muscle elongation

PT exam 2 (9 decks)

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