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PT exam 2 > CV&P > Flashcards

CV&P Flashcards

1
Q

what are the four components of CV&P systems review

A

observation / inspection
palpation
percussion
auscultation

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2
Q

what are things to look for on facial appearance

A

visible distress / expression
fatigue
nasal flaring, labored breathing
perspiration
pale color

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3
Q

what to do when white/pale color of the face occurs

A

lean head back and place cold towel on forehead

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4
Q

what is the cut off of SbO2 for treatment

A

<88%

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5
Q

what are characteristics of general appearance that should be noted

A

clothing and surroundings
body odor/breath odor
body build - nourished/malnourished
grooming
body positioning

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6
Q

what does supine vs flat laying increase

A

shortness of breath

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7
Q

what are types of chest deformities

A

barrel chest
pectus carinatum
pectus excavatum

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8
Q

what are postural changes associated with COPD

A

barrel chest = longstanding COPD
elevated shoulders
use of accessory muscles during breathing

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9
Q

what does elevation of shoulders attempt to help with

A

increasing the volume of the chest wall

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10
Q

what does kyphosis result in regarding respiration

A

decreases lung vital capacity

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11
Q

what are peripheral changes caused by poor cardiopulm health

A

clubbing of nails
peripheral cyanosis

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12
Q

what is eupnea

A

normal breathing

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13
Q

what is hyperpnea

A

breathing deeper than usual

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14
Q

what does pursed lipped breathing do

A

maximizes the exhalation of CO2

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15
Q

what is cheyene-stokes breathing

A

cycles of heavy/rapid followed by absent/shallow breathing

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16
Q

what causes cheyene-stokes

A

CVA
Congestive heart failure
sleep apnea

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17
Q

what is paradoxical breathing

A

reversed chest wall movements during inhalation and expiration

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18
Q

what can cause paradoxical breathing

A

broken ribs
diaphragm injury/paralysis

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19
Q

what is observed visually in cardiovascular system review

A

peripheral circulation
skin changes
swelling
wound healing

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20
Q

what does capillary refill examine

A

peripheral circulation and perfusion

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21
Q

how to test capillary refill

A

press on nailbeds of hands and toes till they turn white

calculate time it takes for pink/red color returns to nailbed

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22
Q

what is normal capillary refill

A

less or equal to 2 seconds

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23
Q

what are the bony landmarks

A

clavicles
suprasternal notch
sternum
sternal angle
xiphoid process
infrasternal angle
costal cartilages
ribs
thoracic spine

24
Q

what is the sternal angle also called

A

manubriosternal angle
angle of louis

25
Q

what is the importance of the sternal angle

A

where the trachea bifurcates
location of right atrium
aligns with 2nd rib / 2nd ICS below rib

26
Q

what are the soft tissue landmarks

A

midsternal line
mid clavicular line
mid axillary line
mid vertebral line
scapular line
trachea
nipple line
intercostal spaces
apex of heart

27
Q

where is the apex of the heart located

A

mid clavicular line and 5th intercostal space

28
Q

what is the importance of the costodiaphragmatic recess

A

place for the lungs to expand to

29
Q

what can fill up the costodiaphragmatic space

A

pulmonary edema caused by ventricular failure

30
Q

where is the oblique fissure relative to vertebrae

A

T4

31
Q

where is the lower lobe relative to vertebrae

A

T10

32
Q

where does the parietal pleura extend to in relation to vertebrae

A

T12

33
Q

where is the oblique fissure

A

T4 spinous process
5th rib at midaxillary line
6th costochondral junction at midclavicular line

34
Q

where is the horizontal fissure of the right lung

A

4th rib and costochondral junction at midclavicular line

35
Q

where in the lung typically collapses? why?

A

lower lobe
typically less air gets to the lower lobe due to placement, especially if one has a pathology

36
Q

what are the fissures that divide the right lung up

A

upper lobe from middle - horizontal
lower from middle - oblique

middle - upper border is horizontal and lower border is oblique

37
Q

boundaries of the lobes of the lung

A

apex of lung = 2 cm above clavicle
upper lobe lower margin - 6th rib at mid clavicular

middle lobe lower margin - 8th rib at mid axillary

lower lobe lower margin - 10th rip at mid scapular line

38
Q

what are the boundaries of the pleura

A

8th rib - midclavicular
10th rib - midaxillary
12th rib - midscapular

39
Q

where to find a bronchial sound

A

over large airways
anterior chest at manubrium and SC joints
posterior chest between C7 and T3

40
Q

where to find vesicular sounds

A

middle and lower lobes

41
Q

where to find bronchovesicular sounds

A

posterior chest wall between scapulae
anteriorly over 2nd ICS

42
Q

how do bronchial sounds present

A

hollow sounding
distinct pause between inspiration and expiration

43
Q

how do vesicular sounds present

A

soft blowing, rustling sounds throughout inspiration
no pause
a third of expiration

44
Q

how do bronchovesicular sounds present

A

intermediate pitch between hollow and soft blowing
even during inspiration and expiration

45
Q

where will you not hear bronchial sound

A

above sternal angle - trachea bifurcates here

46
Q

what would cause abnormal bronchial sounds

A

bronchitis / asthma

47
Q

what would affect a vesicular sound

A

cystic fibrosis
congestive heart failure
pneumonia

48
Q

what pattern do you follow when doing lung auscultation testing

A

stepladder

49
Q

explain the technique of lung auscultation

A

going from top down

bronchial - L to R
bronchiovesicular - R to L
vesicular - from middle to lower lobe in stepladder progression

50
Q

pulse / patency sites

A

carotid
brachial
radial
femoral
popliteal
dorsal pedal
apical

51
Q

what is special about the site of the carotid

A

preferred for pulse rate

52
Q

what is special about the site of the radial

A

preferred for pulse rate

53
Q

what is special about the apical site

A

preferred for heart rate

54
Q

how does taking a measure at the apex of the heart different in males and females

A

boobs.
males go right below nipple - nipple line is at 4th ICS
females - find 5th ICS under boob

55
Q

REVIEW VITAL SIGNS POWER POINT

A

DO IT

PT exam 2 (9 decks)

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