CV&P

Question 1

what are the four components of CV&P systems review

Answer 1

observation / inspection
palpation
percussion
auscultation

Question 2

what are things to look for on facial appearance

Answer 2

visible distress / expression
fatigue
nasal flaring, labored breathing
perspiration
pale color

Question 3

what to do when white/pale color of the face occurs

Answer 3

lean head back and place cold towel on forehead

Question 4

what is the cut off of SbO2 for treatment

Answer 4

<88%

Question 5

what are characteristics of general appearance that should be noted

Answer 5

clothing and surroundings
body odor/breath odor
body build - nourished/malnourished
grooming
body positioning

Question 6

what does supine vs flat laying increase

Answer 6

shortness of breath

Question 7

what are types of chest deformities

Answer 7

barrel chest
pectus carinatum
pectus excavatum

Question 8

what are postural changes associated with COPD

Answer 8

barrel chest = longstanding COPD
elevated shoulders
use of accessory muscles during breathing

Question 9

what does elevation of shoulders attempt to help with

Answer 9

increasing the volume of the chest wall

Question 10

what does kyphosis result in regarding respiration

Answer 10

decreases lung vital capacity

Question 11

what are peripheral changes caused by poor cardiopulm health

Answer 11

clubbing of nails
peripheral cyanosis

Question 12

what is eupnea

Answer 12

normal breathing

Question 13

what is hyperpnea

Answer 13

breathing deeper than usual

Question 14

what does pursed lipped breathing do

Answer 14

maximizes the exhalation of CO2

Question 15

what is cheyene-stokes breathing

Answer 15

cycles of heavy/rapid followed by absent/shallow breathing

Question 16

what causes cheyene-stokes

Answer 16

CVA
Congestive heart failure
sleep apnea

Question 17

what is paradoxical breathing

Answer 17

reversed chest wall movements during inhalation and expiration

Question 18

what can cause paradoxical breathing

Answer 18

broken ribs
diaphragm injury/paralysis

Question 19

what is observed visually in cardiovascular system review

Answer 19

peripheral circulation
skin changes
swelling
wound healing

Question 20

what does capillary refill examine

Answer 20

peripheral circulation and perfusion

Question 21

how to test capillary refill

Answer 21

press on nailbeds of hands and toes till they turn white

calculate time it takes for pink/red color returns to nailbed

Question 22

what is normal capillary refill

Answer 22

less or equal to 2 seconds

Question 23

what are the bony landmarks

Answer 23

clavicles
suprasternal notch
sternum
sternal angle
xiphoid process
infrasternal angle
costal cartilages
ribs
thoracic spine

Question 24

what is the sternal angle also called

Answer 24

manubriosternal angle
angle of louis

Question 25

what is the importance of the sternal angle

Answer 25

where the trachea bifurcates location of right atrium aligns with 2nd rib / 2nd ICS below rib

Question 26

what are the soft tissue landmarks

Answer 26

midsternal line mid clavicular line mid axillary line mid vertebral line scapular line trachea nipple line intercostal spaces apex of heart

Question 27

where is the apex of the heart located

Answer 27

mid clavicular line and 5th intercostal space

Question 28

what is the importance of the costodiaphragmatic recess

Answer 28

place for the lungs to expand to

Question 29

what can fill up the costodiaphragmatic space

Answer 29

pulmonary edema caused by ventricular failure

Question 30

where is the oblique fissure relative to vertebrae

Answer 30

T4

Question 31

where is the lower lobe relative to vertebrae

Answer 31

T10

Question 32

where does the parietal pleura extend to in relation to vertebrae

Answer 32

T12

Question 33

where is the oblique fissure

Answer 33

T4 spinous process 5th rib at midaxillary line 6th costochondral junction at midclavicular line

Question 34

where is the horizontal fissure of the right lung

Answer 34

4th rib and costochondral junction at midclavicular line

Question 35

where in the lung typically collapses? why?

Answer 35

lower lobe typically less air gets to the lower lobe due to placement, especially if one has a pathology

Question 36

what are the fissures that divide the right lung up

Answer 36

upper lobe from middle - horizontal lower from middle - oblique middle - upper border is horizontal and lower border is oblique

Question 37

boundaries of the lobes of the lung

Answer 37

apex of lung = 2 cm above clavicle upper lobe lower margin - 6th rib at mid clavicular middle lobe lower margin - 8th rib at mid axillary lower lobe lower margin - 10th rip at mid scapular line

Question 38

what are the boundaries of the pleura

Answer 38

8th rib - midclavicular 10th rib - midaxillary 12th rib - midscapular

Question 39

where to find a bronchial sound

Answer 39

over large airways anterior chest at manubrium and SC joints posterior chest between C7 and T3

Question 40

where to find vesicular sounds

Answer 40

middle and lower lobes

Question 41

where to find bronchovesicular sounds

Answer 41

posterior chest wall between scapulae anteriorly over 2nd ICS

Question 42

how do bronchial sounds present

Answer 42

hollow sounding distinct pause between inspiration and expiration

Question 43

how do vesicular sounds present

Answer 43

soft blowing, rustling sounds throughout inspiration no pause a third of expiration

Question 44

how do bronchovesicular sounds present

Answer 44

intermediate pitch between hollow and soft blowing even during inspiration and expiration

Question 45

where will you not hear bronchial sound

Answer 45

above sternal angle - trachea bifurcates here

Question 46

what would cause abnormal bronchial sounds

Answer 46

bronchitis / asthma

Question 47

what would affect a vesicular sound

Answer 47

cystic fibrosis congestive heart failure pneumonia

Question 48

what pattern do you follow when doing lung auscultation testing

Answer 48

stepladder

Question 49

explain the technique of lung auscultation

Answer 49

going from top down bronchial - L to R bronchiovesicular - R to L vesicular - from middle to lower lobe in stepladder progression

Question 50

pulse / patency sites

Answer 50

carotid brachial radial femoral popliteal dorsal pedal apical

Question 51

what is special about the site of the carotid

Answer 51

preferred for pulse rate

Question 52

what is special about the site of the radial

Answer 52

preferred for pulse rate

Question 53

what is special about the apical site

Answer 53

preferred for heart rate

Question 54

how does taking a measure at the apex of the heart different in males and females

Answer 54

boobs. males go right below nipple - nipple line is at 4th ICS females - find 5th ICS under boob

Question 55

REVIEW VITAL SIGNS POWER POINT

Answer 55

DO IT