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PT exam 2 > Imaging > Flashcards

Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of imaging in PT

A

knowledge base for appropriate referral

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2
Q

what is a radiograph

A

recorded image acquired by the passage of x-rays through the body

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3
Q

what are the three types of radiographic imaging

A

interventional
radiation oncology
diagnostic imaging

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4
Q

what is interventional radiology

A

diagnoses and treats conditions non-surgically

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5
Q

what is radiation oncology

A

use of targeted radiation to treat patients with cancer
can be the only treatment, or paired with other treatments

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6
Q

what are the forms of diagnostic imaging

A

conventional radiography
advanced imaging

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7
Q

what is conventional radiography

A

an image made by x-ray production

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8
Q

what is advanced imaging

A

computer processes whole body or sectional imaging studies

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9
Q

what are the key factors to radiographs

A

positioning
projection
tissue differentiation

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10
Q

what is projection

A

path of the x-ray beam as it travels from the tube, through the patient, to the receptor

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11
Q

what is radiodensity

A

relative inability for different kinds of electromagnetic radiation to pass through material

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12
Q

what is radiopaque (radiodense)

A

refers to tissues that inhibit the passage of electromagnetic radiation

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13
Q

what is radiolucent

A

tissues that allow for radiation to pass through

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14
Q

in a radiograph, more dense tissue will be what color vs a less dense tissue

A

more - white
less - black

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15
Q

four major radiodensities

A

air = black
fat = gray-black
water / soft tissue = gray
bone = gray-white
metal / implants = pure white

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16
Q

what dimension are radiographs

A

2D

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17
Q

what is a computed tomography image

A

CT - special x-ray equipment to create cross-sectional images

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18
Q

how does the positioning of a CT scan differ?

A

patient is either supine or prone

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19
Q

what are the 3 basic components of the MRI

A

scanner
operator console
computer

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20
Q

what does the scanner do on an MRI

A

primary magnetic field, radiofrequency coils, and gradient coils

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21
Q

what is the operator console in the MRI

A

where the technologist selects the imaging protocols set by the radiologist

22
Q

how do MRIs work

A

magnetic field of the scanner causes hydrogen nuclei to align

23
Q

process of the MRI?

A

a radiofrequency pulse is applied and knocks the protons out of alignment and energy is absorbed

when it is turned off, the protons realign with the magnetic field and release the energy

since tissue has varying levels of water content, the difference in the absorption / release of the energy is what produces the image

24
Q

what are the types of MRI? what type is better for what?

A

T1 = anatomy
T2 = pathology

25
Q

simple difference between T1/T2

A

1 = fluid is bright, soft tissue dark
2 = everything is bright

26
Q

what is a contrasted MRI

A

gadolinium containing agent used that enhances the image

27
Q

what is a MR arthrography

A

used for examination of a joint, typically with a contrast injection

28
Q

what is a MR myelography? is contrast needed?

A

study of spinal canal and subarachnoid space using high resolution MRI with strong T2 weighting

NO

29
Q

what is fat suppression MRI

A

MRI to suppress the signal from adipose tissue - can be applied to T1 or T2

30
Q

what is ultrasound

A

delineation given to sound waves with a frequency > 20k Hz

31
Q

what is penetration when it comes to ultrasound

A

the depth that the soundwaves travel

32
Q

how do high vs low intensity waves travel

A

high - further / deeper
low - shallower

33
Q

how to high vs low frequency waves travel

A

high - shallower
low - further / deeper

34
Q

how do slower vs faster speed of ultrasound waves reflect

A

faster - brighter
slower - darker

35
Q

what can bone scans provide

A

information about abnormal bone activity

  • hints us on hypermetabolism
36
Q

what is a DEXA used for

A

bone disorders
osteoporosis
osteopenia

37
Q

what is bone density computed by

A

2 scores of the lumbar and femoral neck

38
Q

what is a t-score

A

bone mineral density when compared to a young adult

> or = 1 i normal
< -1 to >-2.5 = osteopenia
< or = -2.5 is osteoporosis

39
Q

what is z-score

A

compared to age, sex, ethnicity population for <50 years of age

<-2 = pathology

40
Q

what is the main difference between CTA and MRA

A

CTA - minutes to complete with radiation exposure

MRA - 20-30 min to complete, no radiation

41
Q

what are some safety considerations for medical imaging

A

ionizing radiation can cause damage to DNA

tissue effects
cancer development
allergic reaction

42
Q

what are contraindications for radiographs

A

none typically with the benefit outweighing the risk
some special considerations would be peds or pregnant women

43
Q

what are the contraindications for CT scans

A

pregnant women
contrasted CT - renal impairment, myasthenia gravis, hyperthyroidism

44
Q

what risk do brain CT scans impose on an individual

A

increase risk of radiation induced fatal cancer to 1 in 9000

equivalent to smoking 175 cigarettes

45
Q

what are contraindications for MRIs

A

metal implants
pacemakers
claustrophobia
those pregnant in the 1st trimester

46
Q

what are the ABCs of reading radiographs

A

A - alignment
B - bone density
C - cartilage spacing
S - soft tissue

47
Q

what is a scout image

A

2 dimensional digital radiograph provided during a CT or MRI to provide orientation

48
Q

what are the three ways MRIs are displayed

A

sagittal - view from left to right
coronal - view from front
axial - viewed from below

49
Q

what are the ABCDs of MRI

A

a - alignment
b - bone signal
c - cartilage
d - edema
s - soft tissue

50
Q

are you gonna ace this test?

A

FUCK YEA I AM

51
Q

what are the two modalities without radiation

A

ultrasound MRI

52
Q

what is the order from lowest to highest radiation

A

xray
ct scan
ct contrast

PT exam 2 (9 decks)

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