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PT exam 2 > Imaging > Flashcards

Imaging Flashcards

1
Q

what is the role of imaging in PT

A

knowledge base for appropriate referral

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2
Q

what is a radiograph

A

recorded image acquired by the passage of x-rays through the body

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3
Q

what are the three types of radiographic imaging

A

interventional
radiation oncology
diagnostic imaging

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4
Q

what is interventional radiology

A

diagnoses and treats conditions non-surgically

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5
Q

what is radiation oncology

A

use of targeted radiation to treat patients with cancer
can be the only treatment, or paired with other treatments

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6
Q

what are the forms of diagnostic imaging

A

conventional radiography
advanced imaging

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7
Q

what is conventional radiography

A

an image made by x-ray production

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8
Q

what is advanced imaging

A

computer processes whole body or sectional imaging studies

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9
Q

what are the key factors to radiographs

A

positioning
projection
tissue differentiation

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10
Q

what is projection

A

path of the x-ray beam as it travels from the tube, through the patient, to the receptor

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11
Q

what is radiodensity

A

relative inability for different kinds of electromagnetic radiation to pass through material

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12
Q

what is radiopaque (radiodense)

A

refers to tissues that inhibit the passage of electromagnetic radiation

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13
Q

what is radiolucent

A

tissues that allow for radiation to pass through

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14
Q

in a radiograph, more dense tissue will be what color vs a less dense tissue

A

more - white
less - black

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15
Q

four major radiodensities

A

air = black
fat = gray-black
water / soft tissue = gray
bone = gray-white
metal / implants = pure white

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16
Q

what dimension are radiographs

A

2D

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17
Q

what is a computed tomography image

A

CT - special x-ray equipment to create cross-sectional images

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18
Q

how does the positioning of a CT scan differ?

A

patient is either supine or prone

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19
Q

what are the 3 basic components of the MRI

A

scanner
operator console
computer

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20
Q

what does the scanner do on an MRI

A

primary magnetic field, radiofrequency coils, and gradient coils

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21
Q

what is the operator console in the MRI

A

where the technologist selects the imaging protocols set by the radiologist

22
Q

how do MRIs work

A

magnetic field of the scanner causes hydrogen nuclei to align

23
Q

process of the MRI?

A

a radiofrequency pulse is applied and knocks the protons out of alignment and energy is absorbed

when it is turned off, the protons realign with the magnetic field and release the energy

since tissue has varying levels of water content, the difference in the absorption / release of the energy is what produces the image

24
Q

what are the types of MRI? what type is better for what?

A

T1 = anatomy
T2 = pathology

25
simple difference between T1/T2
1 = fluid is bright, soft tissue dark 2 = everything is bright
26
what is a contrasted MRI
gadolinium containing agent used that enhances the image
27
what is a MR arthrography
used for examination of a joint, typically with a contrast injection
28
what is a MR myelography? is contrast needed?
study of spinal canal and subarachnoid space using high resolution MRI with strong T2 weighting NO
29
what is fat suppression MRI
MRI to suppress the signal from adipose tissue - can be applied to T1 or T2
30
what is ultrasound
delineation given to sound waves with a frequency > 20k Hz
31
what is penetration when it comes to ultrasound
the depth that the soundwaves travel
32
how do high vs low intensity waves travel
high - further / deeper low - shallower
33
how to high vs low frequency waves travel
high - shallower low - further / deeper
34
how do slower vs faster speed of ultrasound waves reflect
faster - brighter slower - darker
35
what can bone scans provide
information about abnormal bone activity - hints us on hypermetabolism
36
what is a DEXA used for
bone disorders osteoporosis osteopenia
37
what is bone density computed by
2 scores of the lumbar and femoral neck
38
what is a t-score
bone mineral density when compared to a young adult > or = 1 i normal < -1 to >-2.5 = osteopenia < or = -2.5 is osteoporosis
39
what is z-score
compared to age, sex, ethnicity population for <50 years of age <-2 = pathology
40
what is the main difference between CTA and MRA
CTA - minutes to complete with radiation exposure MRA - 20-30 min to complete, no radiation
41
what are some safety considerations for medical imaging
ionizing radiation can cause damage to DNA tissue effects cancer development allergic reaction
42
what are contraindications for radiographs
none typically with the benefit outweighing the risk some special considerations would be peds or pregnant women
43
what are the contraindications for CT scans
pregnant women contrasted CT - renal impairment, myasthenia gravis, hyperthyroidism
44
what risk do brain CT scans impose on an individual
increase risk of radiation induced fatal cancer to 1 in 9000 equivalent to smoking 175 cigarettes
45
what are contraindications for MRIs
metal implants pacemakers claustrophobia those pregnant in the 1st trimester
46
what are the ABCs of reading radiographs
A - alignment B - bone density C - cartilage spacing S - soft tissue
47
what is a scout image
2 dimensional digital radiograph provided during a CT or MRI to provide orientation
48
what are the three ways MRIs are displayed
sagittal - view from left to right coronal - view from front axial - viewed from below
49
what are the ABCDs of MRI
a - alignment b - bone signal c - cartilage d - edema s - soft tissue
50
are you gonna ace this test?
FUCK YEA I AM
51
what are the two modalities without radiation
ultrasound MRI
52
what is the order from lowest to highest radiation
xray ct scan ct contrast

PT exam 2 (9 decks)

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