Musculoskeletal Injuries and Disorders

Question 1

Injuries (trauma)

Answer 1

F - fun ; Fractures
S - sun ; Sprains
B - bathing ; Bursitis

Question 2

What is the Definition for Fractures?

Answer 2

a disruption in the continuity or integrity of the bone

Question 3

What are the 7 types of Fractures?

Answer 3

G - go ; Greenstick
T - to ; Transverse
S - store ; Simple
O - on ; Oblique
C - chancellors ; Comminuted
S - street ; Spiral
C - convenience ; Compound

Question 4

What are the unique traits of each of the 7 types of fractures?

Answer 4

Greenstick - not fully broken through
Transverse - broken in a perpendicular angle
Simple - bone is broken but skin is still intact
Oblique - bone is broken at an angle
Comminuted - bone is fractured into small little pieces
Spiral - fracture in spiral pattern around bone
Compound - fully broken into 2 pieces

Question 5

What is the definition of Sprains?

Answer 5

stretching or tearing of a ligament (bone to bone) or ligaments at a joint (muscle to bone)

Question 6

What are the 2 ligaments under tension during a ligament sprain?

Answer 6

1. calcaneo-fibular ligament
2. anterior talofibular ligament

Question 7

What motion can further intensify the risk of a ligament sprain?

Answer 7

• further inverting of ankle

Question 8

Bursitis

Answer 8

• Inflammation of the fluid filled bursae laying around joints, between muscle attachments, and between tendons and bone; to reduce friction and provide protection
• “itis” = inflammation

Question 9

What is an indication that an individual is suffering with Bursitis?

Answer 9

• the bursa is inflammed when the tendon stretched around the bone as a way of over protection

Question 10

Disorders (diseases)

Answer 10

Op - osteoporosis
Om - osteomyelitis
Oa - osteoarthritis
S - scoliosis
K - kyphosis

Question 11

Describe Osteoporosis

Answer 11

• thinning of bone and overall reduction in bone mass over time caused by inefficient bone deposition, excessive bone resorption, or both
• asymptomatic until experiencing bone pain, fractures with little trauma, reduction in height

Question 12

Who is most likely to be affected by Osteoporosis?

Answer 12

more common in elderly, specifically menopausal females, due to the lack of estrogen = less bone deposition

Question 13

Describe Osteomyelitis

Answer 13

• inflammation of bone and muscle due to infection, commonly Staphylococcus aureus, although other bacterial and fungi can be involved

Question 14

How can Osteomyelitis occur?

Answer 14

• trauma to the bone or open fracture
• adjacent soft tissue infection
• blood-borne infection
• poor circulation (diabetes) –> chronic circulation

Question 15

Describe Osteoarthritis

Answer 15

• degenerative joint disorder involving degradation of cartilage (the protective surfaces between bones) and possibly subchondral bone or one or more joints
• causes pain, swelling, stiffness, decreased range of motion
• loss of cartilage = bone rubs on bone = lots of inflammation

Question 16

Describe Scoliosis

Answer 16

• abnormal, lateral “S” curvature of the spine, caused by congenital and/or neuromuscular (muscle imbalance)
• treatment can be physiotherapy through bracing and/or radical surgery (pedicle screws, lacing a shoe)

Question 17

Describe Kyphosis

Answer 17

• excessive curvature of the thoracic vertebral column, resulting in “hunchback” postition
• causes degenerative disease, fractures, trauma
• symptoms include; difficulty breathing, back pain, stiffness in spine

Question 18

Muscle Strains

Answer 18

• damage to muscle tissue or tendon fibres due to overstretching
• symptoms include; localized pain, stiffness, bruising
• treatment –> R.I.C.E (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)

Question 19

Describe Tendonitis

Answer 19

• inflammation of the tendon
  Causes:
• overuse injury –> repeated microinjury and repair
• anatomical problem –> irregular bony surfaces that irritates tendon

Question 20

What are the Symptoms and Treatments for Tendonitis?

Answer 20

Symptoms; pain, swelling
Treatment; rest, ice, compression, NSAIDs

Question 21

Describe Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 21

• reduced muscle mass and weakness that gets worse over time

Question 22

What are some Symptoms and Treatment of Muscular Dystrophy?

Answer 22

• delayed development of motor skills
  muscle weakness
• generalized or specific muscle groups
• difficulty using one or more muscle groups
• frequent falls and problems walking
• sadly no known treatment

Question 23

What are the Complications of Muscular Dystrophy

Answer 23

• cardiomyopathy
• reduced mobility
• muscle contracture
• lung failure
• other muscle around lung tissue, heart, etc. can be affected

Question 24

Myositis

Answer 24

• inflammation of the skeletal muscles
• often autoimmune condition, although can be a result from infection

Types of Myositis:
1. Myositis Ossificans
2. Polymyositis
3. Dermatomyositis
4. Inclusion Body Myositis

Question 25

Myositis Ossificans

Answer 25

• soft muscle tissue becomes reactive and turns to boney material –> often in response to trauma
• forms bone, uncontrolled increase in muscle tissue, autoimmune

Question 26

Polymyositis

Answer 26

• persistent inflammatory muscle disease that causes muscle wasting and weakness
• muscular dystrophies; autoimmune disorders

Question 27

Dermatomyositis

Answer 27

• muscle disease characterized by muscle weakness and skin rash

Question 28

Inclusion Body Myositis

Answer 28

• large empty cells
• inflammatory muscle disorder characterized by cytoplasmic vacuoles and filamentous inclusion, resulting in progressive weakness in proximal and distal muscles