Musculoskeletal Injuries and Disorders Flashcards
Injuries (trauma)
F - fun ; Fractures
S - sun ; Sprains
B - bathing ; Bursitis
What is the Definition for Fractures?
a disruption in the continuity or integrity of the bone
What are the 7 types of Fractures?
G - go ; Greenstick
T - to ; Transverse
S - store ; Simple
O - on ; Oblique
C - chancellors ; Comminuted
S - street ; Spiral
C - convenience ; Compound
What are the unique traits of each of the 7 types of fractures?
Greenstick - not fully broken through
Transverse - broken in a perpendicular angle
Simple - bone is broken but skin is still intact
Oblique - bone is broken at an angle
Comminuted - bone is fractured into small little pieces
Spiral - fracture in spiral pattern around bone
Compound - fully broken into 2 pieces
What is the definition of Sprains?
stretching or tearing of a ligament (bone to bone) or ligaments at a joint (muscle to bone)
What are the 2 ligaments under tension during a ligament sprain?
- calcaneo-fibular ligament
- anterior talofibular ligament
What motion can further intensify the risk of a ligament sprain?
- further inverting of ankle
Bursitis
- Inflammation of the fluid filled bursae laying around joints, between muscle attachments, and between tendons and bone; to reduce friction and provide protection
- “itis” = inflammation
What is an indication that an individual is suffering with Bursitis?
- the bursa is inflammed when the tendon stretched around the bone as a way of over protection
Disorders (diseases)
Op - osteoporosis
Om - osteomyelitis
Oa - osteoarthritis
S - scoliosis
K - kyphosis
Describe Osteoporosis
- thinning of bone and overall reduction in bone mass over time caused by inefficient bone deposition, excessive bone resorption, or both
- asymptomatic until experiencing bone pain, fractures with little trauma, reduction in height
Who is most likely to be affected by Osteoporosis?
more common in elderly, specifically menopausal females, due to the lack of estrogen = less bone deposition
Describe Osteomyelitis
- inflammation of bone and muscle due to infection, commonly Staphylococcus aureus, although other bacterial and fungi can be involved
How can Osteomyelitis occur?
- trauma to the bone or open fracture
- adjacent soft tissue infection
- blood-borne infection
- poor circulation (diabetes) –> chronic circulation
Describe Osteoarthritis
- degenerative joint disorder involving degradation of cartilage (the protective surfaces between bones) and possibly subchondral bone or one or more joints
- causes pain, swelling, stiffness, decreased range of motion
- loss of cartilage = bone rubs on bone = lots of inflammation
Describe Scoliosis
- abnormal, lateral “S” curvature of the spine, caused by congenital and/or neuromuscular (muscle imbalance)
- treatment can be physiotherapy through bracing and/or radical surgery (pedicle screws, lacing a shoe)
Describe Kyphosis
- excessive curvature of the thoracic vertebral column, resulting in “hunchback” postition
- causes degenerative disease, fractures, trauma
- symptoms include; difficulty breathing, back pain, stiffness in spine
Muscle Strains
- damage to muscle tissue or tendon fibres due to overstretching
- symptoms include; localized pain, stiffness, bruising
- treatment –> R.I.C.E (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
Describe Tendonitis
- inflammation of the tendon
Causes: - overuse injury –> repeated microinjury and repair
- anatomical problem –> irregular bony surfaces that irritates tendon
What are the Symptoms and Treatments for Tendonitis?
Symptoms; pain, swelling
Treatment; rest, ice, compression, NSAIDs
Describe Muscular Dystrophy
- reduced muscle mass and weakness that gets worse over time
What are some Symptoms and Treatment of Muscular Dystrophy?
- delayed development of motor skills
muscle weakness - generalized or specific muscle groups
- difficulty using one or more muscle groups
- frequent falls and problems walking
- sadly no known treatment
What are the Complications of Muscular Dystrophy
- cardiomyopathy
- reduced mobility
- muscle contracture
- lung failure
- other muscle around lung tissue, heart, etc. can be affected
Myositis
- inflammation of the skeletal muscles
- often autoimmune condition, although can be a result from infection
Types of Myositis:
1. Myositis Ossificans
2. Polymyositis
3. Dermatomyositis
4. Inclusion Body Myositis
Myositis Ossificans
- soft muscle tissue becomes reactive and turns to boney material –> often in response to trauma
- forms bone, uncontrolled increase in muscle tissue, autoimmune
Polymyositis
- persistent inflammatory muscle disease that causes muscle wasting and weakness
- muscular dystrophies; autoimmune disorders
Dermatomyositis
- muscle disease characterized by muscle weakness and skin rash
Inclusion Body Myositis
- large empty cells
- inflammatory muscle disorder characterized by cytoplasmic vacuoles and filamentous inclusion, resulting in progressive weakness in proximal and distal muscles
