Basic Body Plan and Integument Flashcards
‘potential’ spaces
- between 2 structures
- where 2 serousal membranes can slide through
- surrounds organs
serous membrane
- usually inside rib cage, surrounding organs
- continuous layer of cells that produces a watery fluid
- acts as lubricant between cavities
- shiny layer around lungs
thoracic cavity (cranial)
- includes the left lung and heart
abdominal / peritoneal cavity (caudal)
- includes liver, stomach, colon
parietal membranes
- lines the walls of cavity
Parietal pleura - in thoracic cavity
Parietal Peritoneum - in peritoneal cavity
visceral membranes
- lines directly on organs, within cavity
visceral pleura - organs in thoracic
visceral peritoneum - organs in peritoneal cavity
what is the thoracic cavity bounded by?
- ribs
- vertebrae (dorsally)
- sternum (ventrally)
- diaphragm (causally)
what is the mediastinum?
- potential space that is formed by parietal pleura called mediastinal pleura
- mediastinal pleura is the medial wall that allows organs to move at their own pace; like siran wrap
- contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and thymus
connecting peritoneum
- helps to suspend organs; double folds
- contains blood vessels and nerves
what are the 4 connecting peritonea in the peritoneal cavity?
lesser omentum (between liver and stomach)
falciform ligament (liver –> connecting liver to caudal surface of diaphragm)
mesentary (intestines –> large, suspends intestines and provides all blood flow)
greater omentum (stomach –> larger in ppl; omentum meaning “fat skin”; ventrally across abdomen and fat filled)
Diaphragm –> cranial view
S - saw (sternum) –. slits peritoneal and thoracic cavity
E - earl (esophagus)
R - run (rib)
L - laps (lumbar vertebrae)
Diaphragm –> cranial view (spaces)
caval foramen - hole in diaphragm for vein
aortic hiatus - small, hidden hole for aorta to take blood away from heart
central tendon - not muscular, connective tissue
esophageal hiatus - passage for esophagus
Integument = skin
- functions in protection, sensory detection, secretion, fat storage, thermoregulation, communication
INCLUDES specialized derivatives: - hair (only in mammals)
- footpads
- claws, nails and hooves
- baleen (sheets of caritin –> in some whales)
- armadillo osteoderms
- rhinoceros horn –> partially calcified
Integument - 3 layers
From superfical to deep
1. epidermis
2. dermis
3. hypodermis
The structure of the Epidermis
- contains multiple layers of flat (squamous) cells
- the surface cells are shed and continuously made –> only one type of cell
- contains no blood vessels or nerves; meaning no injury until trauma goes below epidermis
The structure of the Dermis
- contains dense connective tissue (cells and extracellular products), as well as hair follicules and glands; these glands help to communicate to outside environment
- contains many blood vessels and nerves
- supplies nutrients to epidermis
The structure of Guard Hairs
The characteristics and function of Guard Hairs
- they are thick, long, and stiff; located all over body
- form the outer protective coat of fur
- associated with arrector pili muscles; which elivate hairs when scared as a mechanism to defend from outside environment
Wool Hairs
- thin, short, soft
- form the inner insulating coat lining; which traps more heat when guard hair is activated
- thickness varies with season; such as shedding
- associated with guard hairs
Vibrissae on mammals
- thicker than guard hairs (whiskers)
- follicle surrounded by nerve endings to provide sensory tactile information; such as find their way through their environment
- mostly located on the face; where movements of hairs activate nerve signals
- ex. seal vibrissae detect fish movement in water
S = supraorbital
R = rhinal
M = mystacial
arrowhead = labial
Integument - human hair
Lanugo hair - slightly pigmented thin, short, fetal hair; in utero from 3 months to ~birth
Vellus hair - unpigmented short and thin hair that is found across the body, particularly in children
Terminal hair - long and thick pigmented hairs that are associated with communication; include scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows, facial hair, and pubic hair
Sweat Glands
- localized coiled glands
