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MBBS VI - SpC - Family Medicine > Musculoskeletal - Back pain, Neck pain, Shoulder pain, Lumps and bumps > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal - Back pain, Neck pain, Shoulder pain, Lumps and bumps Flashcards

OA Knee Patellofemoral pain syndrome Plantar fasciitis Lower back pain Carpal tunnel syndrome neck pain shoulder pain shoulder impingement frozen shoulder rotator cuff syndrome tennis and golfers elbow de quervains trigger finger mallet finger Cervical spondylosis Lumbar spondylosis Cervical/ lumbar radiculopathy

1
Q

General management of common MSK problems

A
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2
Q

Components of exercise prescription

A
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3
Q

Advantages of exercise prescription

A
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4
Q

Common types of exercise prescription

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5
Q

Types of physiotherapy for common MSK problems

A
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6
Q

Ice vs heat therapy

Application
Timing

A
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7
Q

Occupational therapy modalities

A

ADL, Occupation, Leisure

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8
Q

Injury on duty

Payment
Reporting
Role of doctor

A
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9
Q

Common prescriptions for MSK problems

A
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10
Q

OA knee

Risk factors

A
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11
Q

OA knee

S/S

A
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12
Q

OA knee

Typical Ix

A
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13
Q

OA Knee

Management options

A

+ RICE
+ Sitting knee extension +/- ankle weight
+ sit to stand exercise
+ walking aid/ walking frame/ wheelchair of the correct height, width, depth, angles
+ stair walking technique: good leg up first, bad leg down first, sideways approach for both knee pain
+ Home environment modifications for fall risk
+ knee orthosis: valgus knee brace to apply 3 point force, medial arch support (lateral wedge insole NOT recommended)

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14
Q

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Pathogenesis

A
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15
Q

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Clinical presentation

A
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16
Q

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Management

A

Clinical dx by clarke’s test

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17
Q

Plantar Fasciitis

Risk factors

A
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18
Q

Plantar fasciitis

Clinical presentation

A
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19
Q

Plantar fasciitis

Management

A
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20
Q

Lower back pain

Red flag S/S

A
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21
Q

Lower back pain

Causes

A
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22
Q

Lower back pain

General advice and management

A
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23
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Common risk factors

A
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24
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

S/S

A
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25
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Special tests

A
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26
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Investigation

A
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27
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Conservative management

A
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28
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Surgical management

A
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29
Q

Neck pain

Causes

A
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30
Q

Neck pain

Investigations
Management

A
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31
Q

Shoulder pain

Causes

A
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32
Q

Approach to shoulder pain

A
33
Q

Shoulder impingement syndrome

Pathogenesis

A
34
Q

Shoulder impingement syndrome

Phases

A
35
Q

Shoulder impingement syndrome
Signs, Special tests

A
36
Q

Shoulder impingement syndrome

Diagnosis

Management

A
37
Q

Frozen shoulder

Causes

A
38
Q

Frozen shoulder

Pathogenesis

A
39
Q

Frozen shoulder

Clinical presentation
Diagnosis

A
40
Q

Frozen shoulder

Conservative and surgical management

A
41
Q

Frozen shoulder

Treatment according to stages of disease

A
42
Q

Rotator cuff tear

Risk factors

A
43
Q

Rotator cuff tear

Pathogenesis

A
44
Q

Rotator cuff tear

Clinical presentation

A
45
Q

Rotator cuff tear

Special tests

A
46
Q

Rotator cuff tear

Complications
Diagnosis

A
47
Q

Rotator cuff tear

Management
Prognosis

A
48
Q

Tennis elbow

Pathogenesis

A
49
Q

Tennis elbow

Clinical presentation

A
50
Q

Tennis elbow

Ddx
Diagnosis

A
51
Q

Tennis elbow

Management

A
52
Q

Golfer’s elbow

Pathogenesis

A
53
Q

Golfer’s elbow

Clinical presentation
Compare to tennis elbow

A
54
Q

Olecranon bursitis

Clinical presentation
Ddx
Management

A
55
Q

Acromioclavicular joint arthritis

Clinical presentation
Management

A
56
Q

de Quervain’s disease

risk factors
Pathogenesis

A
57
Q

de Quervain’s disease

Clinical presentation

A
58
Q

de Quervain’s disease
Management

A
59
Q

Trigger finger

Risk factors A

A
60
Q

Trigger finger

Pathogenesis

A
61
Q

Trigger finger

Clinical presentation

A
62
Q

Trigger finger

Management

A
63
Q

Mallet finger

Cause
Pathogenesis

A
64
Q

Mallet finger

Clinical presentation

A
65
Q

Mallet finger

Management

A
66
Q

Cervical spondylosis

Causes

A
67
Q

Cervical spondylosis

Clinical presentation

A
68
Q

Cervical spondylosis
Investigation

A
69
Q

Cervical spondylosis
Management

A
70
Q

Cervical radiculopathy

Causes

A
71
Q

Cervical radiculopathy

Clinical presentation
Ddx

A

Prognosis of Cervical Radiculopathy
- ~80% self-limiting and affect sensory only
- Progression is uncommon
-

72
Q

Cervical radiculopathy

Management

A

Conservative Treatment:
* Rest and activity modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms and allowing the affected nerve to heal.
* Physical therapy: Exercises and manual therapy techniques to improve posture, mobility, and strength.

Medications:
* Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation.
* Gabapentin or pregabalin for neuropathic pain.
* Muscle relaxants to alleviate muscle spasms.
* Cervical traction: Using a device to gently stretch the neck and relieve pressure on the nerve.

Interventional Treatments:
* Epidural steroid injections: Injections of corticosteroids into the epidural space around the affected nerve root to reduce inflammation.
* Nerve root blocks: Targeted injections of local anesthetics and/or steroids around the specific nerve root.

Surgical Treatment:
* Surgical decompression: Removing a portion of a vertebra or disc material to relieve pressure on the affected nerve root.
* Discectomy: Removal of a herniated or bulging disc that is compressing the nerve root.
* Fusion: Fusing two or more vertebrae to stabilize the spine and prevent further nerve compression.

73
Q

Cervical myelpathy

Causes

A
74
Q

Cervical myelopathy

Clinical presentation

A
75
Q

Cervical myelopathy

Clinical signs

A
76
Q

Cervical myelopathy

Investigations

A
77
Q

Cervical myelopathy

Management

A

Conservative Treatment:
* Activity modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms and may further damage the spinal cord.
* Physical therapy: Exercises and manual therapy techniques to improve posture, neck mobility, and strength.
* Neck bracing: Use of a cervical collar or brace to provide support and limit neck movement.

Medications:
* Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation.
* Gabapentin or pregabalin for neuropathic pain.

Surgical Treatment:
* Decompressive surgery: Procedures to remove bone, disc, or other tissues that are compressing the spinal cord, such as:
* Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF): Removing a disc and fusing the adjacent vertebrae.
* Laminectomy: Removing the back part of the vertebra (lamina) to create more space for the spinal cord.
* Laminoplasty: Expanding the space for the spinal cord by opening up the back part of the vertebrae.
* Stabilization procedures: In cases of spinal instability, fusion surgery may be performed to stabilize the spine.

Monitoring and Follow-up:
* Neurological assessment: Regular evaluations to monitor the progression of symptoms and neurological function.
* Imaging studies: Periodic MRI or CT scans to assess the degree of spinal cord compression and any changes over time.
* Timing of intervention: The decision to proceed with surgery is based on the severity of symptoms, the degree of spinal cord compression, and the rate of progression.

78
Q

Lower back pain
Red flags

A
79
Q

(Lumbar spine diseases)

A

MBBS VI - SpC - Family Medicine (42 decks)

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