Musculoskeletal - Back pain, Neck pain, Shoulder pain, Lumps and bumps

Question 1

General management of common MSK problems

Answer 1

Question 2

Components of exercise prescription

Answer 2

Question 3

Advantages of exercise prescription

Answer 3

Question 4

Common types of exercise prescription

Answer 4

Question 5

Types of physiotherapy for common MSK problems

Answer 5

Question 6

Ice vs heat therapy

Application
Timing

Answer 6

Question 7

Occupational therapy modalities

Answer 7

ADL, Occupation, Leisure

Question 8

Injury on duty

Payment
Reporting
Role of doctor

Answer 8

Question 9

Common prescriptions for MSK problems

Answer 9

Question 10

OA knee

Risk factors

Answer 10

Question 11

OA knee

S/S

Answer 11

Question 12

OA knee

Typical Ix

Answer 12

Question 13

OA Knee

Management options

Answer 13

+ RICE
+ Sitting knee extension +/- ankle weight
+ sit to stand exercise
+ walking aid/ walking frame/ wheelchair of the correct height, width, depth, angles
+ stair walking technique: good leg up first, bad leg down first, sideways approach for both knee pain
+ Home environment modifications for fall risk
+ knee orthosis: valgus knee brace to apply 3 point force, medial arch support (lateral wedge insole NOT recommended)

Question 14

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Pathogenesis

Answer 14

Question 15

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Clinical presentation

Answer 15

Question 16

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Management

Answer 16

Clinical dx by clarke’s test

Question 17

Plantar Fasciitis

Risk factors

Answer 17

Question 18

Plantar fasciitis

Clinical presentation

Answer 18

Question 19

Plantar fasciitis

Management

Answer 19

Question 20

Lower back pain

Red flag S/S

Answer 20

Question 21

Lower back pain

Causes

Answer 21

Question 22

Lower back pain

General advice and management

Answer 22

Question 23

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Common risk factors

Answer 23

Question 24

Carpal tunnel syndrome

S/S

Answer 24

Question 25

Carpal tunnel syndrome Special tests

Answer 25

Question 26

Carpal tunnel syndrome Investigation

Answer 26

Question 27

Carpal tunnel syndrome Conservative management

Answer 27

Question 28

Carpal tunnel syndrome Surgical management

Answer 28

Question 29

Neck pain Causes

Answer 29

Question 30

Neck pain Investigations Management

Answer 30

Question 31

Shoulder pain Causes

Answer 31

Question 32

Approach to shoulder pain

Answer 32

Question 33

Shoulder impingement syndrome Pathogenesis

Answer 33

Question 34

Shoulder impingement syndrome Phases

Answer 34

Question 35

Shoulder impingement syndrome Signs, Special tests

Answer 35

Question 36

Shoulder impingement syndrome Diagnosis Management

Answer 36

Question 37

Frozen shoulder Causes

Answer 37

Question 38

Frozen shoulder Pathogenesis

Answer 38

Question 39

Frozen shoulder Clinical presentation Diagnosis

Answer 39

Question 40

Frozen shoulder Conservative and surgical management

Answer 40

Question 41

Frozen shoulder Treatment according to stages of disease

Answer 41

Question 42

Rotator cuff tear Risk factors

Answer 42

Question 43

Rotator cuff tear Pathogenesis

Answer 43

Question 44

Rotator cuff tear Clinical presentation

Answer 44

Question 45

Rotator cuff tear Special tests

Answer 45

Question 46

Rotator cuff tear Complications Diagnosis

Answer 46

Question 47

Rotator cuff tear Management Prognosis

Answer 47

Question 48

Tennis elbow Pathogenesis

Answer 48

Question 49

Tennis elbow Clinical presentation

Answer 49

Question 50

Tennis elbow Ddx Diagnosis

Answer 50

Question 51

Tennis elbow Management

Answer 51

Question 52

Golfer's elbow Pathogenesis

Answer 52

Question 53

Golfer's elbow Clinical presentation Compare to tennis elbow

Answer 53

Question 54

Olecranon bursitis Clinical presentation Ddx Management

Answer 54

Question 55

Acromioclavicular joint arthritis Clinical presentation Management

Answer 55

Question 56

de Quervain's disease risk factors Pathogenesis

Answer 56

Question 57

de Quervain's disease Clinical presentation

Answer 57

Question 58

de Quervain's disease Management

Answer 58

Question 59

Trigger finger Risk factors A

Answer 59

Question 60

Trigger finger Pathogenesis

Answer 60

Question 61

Trigger finger Clinical presentation

Answer 61

Question 62

Trigger finger Management

Answer 62

Question 63

Mallet finger Cause Pathogenesis

Answer 63

Question 64

Mallet finger Clinical presentation

Answer 64

Question 65

Mallet finger Management

Answer 65

Question 66

Cervical spondylosis Causes

Answer 66

Question 67

Cervical spondylosis Clinical presentation

Answer 67

Question 68

Cervical spondylosis Investigation

Answer 68

Question 69

Cervical spondylosis Management

Answer 69

Question 70

Cervical radiculopathy Causes

Answer 70

Question 71

Cervical radiculopathy Clinical presentation Ddx

Answer 71

Prognosis of Cervical Radiculopathy - ~80% self-limiting and affect sensory only - Progression is uncommon -

Question 72

Cervical radiculopathy Management

Answer 72

Conservative Treatment: * Rest and activity modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms and allowing the affected nerve to heal. * Physical therapy: Exercises and manual therapy techniques to improve posture, mobility, and strength. Medications: * Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation. * Gabapentin or pregabalin for neuropathic pain. * Muscle relaxants to alleviate muscle spasms. * Cervical traction: Using a device to gently stretch the neck and relieve pressure on the nerve. Interventional Treatments: * Epidural steroid injections: Injections of corticosteroids into the epidural space around the affected nerve root to reduce inflammation. * Nerve root blocks: Targeted injections of local anesthetics and/or steroids around the specific nerve root. Surgical Treatment: * Surgical decompression: Removing a portion of a vertebra or disc material to relieve pressure on the affected nerve root. * Discectomy: Removal of a herniated or bulging disc that is compressing the nerve root. * Fusion: Fusing two or more vertebrae to stabilize the spine and prevent further nerve compression.

Question 73

Cervical myelpathy Causes

Answer 73

Question 74

Cervical myelopathy Clinical presentation

Answer 74

Question 75

Cervical myelopathy Clinical signs

Answer 75

Question 76

Cervical myelopathy Investigations

Answer 76

Question 77

Cervical myelopathy Management

Answer 77

Conservative Treatment: * Activity modification: Avoiding activities that exacerbate symptoms and may further damage the spinal cord. * Physical therapy: Exercises and manual therapy techniques to improve posture, neck mobility, and strength. * Neck bracing: Use of a cervical collar or brace to provide support and limit neck movement. Medications: * Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to reduce inflammation. * Gabapentin or pregabalin for neuropathic pain. Surgical Treatment: * Decompressive surgery: Procedures to remove bone, disc, or other tissues that are compressing the spinal cord, such as: * Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF): Removing a disc and fusing the adjacent vertebrae. * Laminectomy: Removing the back part of the vertebra (lamina) to create more space for the spinal cord. * Laminoplasty: Expanding the space for the spinal cord by opening up the back part of the vertebrae. * Stabilization procedures: In cases of spinal instability, fusion surgery may be performed to stabilize the spine. Monitoring and Follow-up: * Neurological assessment: Regular evaluations to monitor the progression of symptoms and neurological function. * Imaging studies: Periodic MRI or CT scans to assess the degree of spinal cord compression and any changes over time. * Timing of intervention: The decision to proceed with surgery is based on the severity of symptoms, the degree of spinal cord compression, and the rate of progression.

Question 78

Lower back pain Red flags

Answer 78

Question 79

(Lumbar spine diseases)