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MBBS VI - SpC - Family Medicine > Geriatrics - Psychogeriatric > Flashcards

Geriatrics - Psychogeriatric Flashcards

1
Q

Dementia

Spectrum of dementia

A

Dementia: syndrome that may be caused by a number of different brain disorders involving mental decline severe enough to disrupt daily life that affects more than one core brain functions: Recent memory, Language, Visuospatial function, Executive function.

Major Neurocognitive Disorder: Significant cognitive decline + interfere with B-ADL and I-ADL

Mild Neurocognitive Disorder: Modest cognitive decline + does not interfere B-ADL nor I-ADL. 10-15% of Mild NCD progress into Major NCD every year

Mild Cognitive Impairment: minor problems with cognition, NOT severe enough to interfere significantly with daily life (B-ADL, I-ADL), and so are not defined as dementia. 6-25% Annual rate of progression to Dementia (compared to normal individual 1-2%)

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2
Q

Dementia

Prevalence with age
Distribution of most common causes

A
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3
Q

Mnemonic for dementia

A
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4
Q

Primary neurological diseases/ dementia syndromes

A
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5
Q

Secondary causes of dementia

A
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6
Q

Congenital causes of dementia

A
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7
Q

Risk factors of dementia
Protective factors against dementia

A
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8
Q

Domains of cognitive impairment

A
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9
Q

Complex attention

Signs of impairment

A
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10
Q

Executive ability

Signs of impairment

A
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11
Q

Learning and memory

Signs of impairment

A
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12
Q

Language

Signs of impairment

A
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13
Q

Perceptual motor

Signs of impairment

A
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14
Q

Social cognition

Signs of impairment

A
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15
Q

Behavioural psychological symptoms of Dementia

A
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16
Q

Diagnostic criteria of dementia

A

+ Caregiver stress, Institutionalisation

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17
Q

Clinical assessment of dementia

A

ADL: B-ADL and I-ADL

Behavioural psychological symptoms of Dementia
- Anxiety, Apathy, Aggression, Agitation, Irritability, Verbal outbursts
- Delusion, Hallucination
- Motor behavior abnormality, night time behavioural disturbance

Cognition: 6 domains
- AMT, MMSE, MoCA, Clock drawing test

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18
Q

Dementia

Ix

A
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19
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

Brain region affected

A
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20
Q

Frontotemporal dementia

Brain region affected

A
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21
Q

Primary Progressive Aphasia

Brain region affected

A
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22
Q

Corticobasal degeneration

Brain region affected

A
23
Q

Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

Brain region affected

A
24
Q

Multisystem atrophy

Brain regions affected

A
25
Q

Lewy body dementia

Brain regions affected

A
26
Q

Vascular dementia

Brain regions affected

A
27
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Brain region affected

A
28
Q

Advanced neuroimaging techniques for dementia

A
29
Q

Dementia management

A
30
Q

Prevention of dementia

A
31
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

Prevalence
Prognosis

A
32
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

Risk factors

A
33
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

Pathogenesis

A

Clinical manifestation- Atrophy in AD usu. starts from Temporal lobe, then to Hippocampus → Memory deficit- Cholinergic deficit

  • Loss of cholinergic biosynthetic machinery
  • Loss of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (that projects to Hippocampus)
  • Cholinergic deficit also contributes to memory and attention impairment
34
Q

Clinical course of Alzheimer’s disease

A

Early Alzheimer signs: Amnesia, Spatial disorientation, Circumlocution

Advanced Alzheimer: Sloppily dressed, Slow, Apathetic, Confused, Disoriented, Stooped posture

Terminal Alzheimer: Bedridden, Stiff, Unresponsive, Nearly mute, Incontinence

35
Q

Neuropsychiatric features of Alzheimer’s disease

A
36
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

Diagnostic criteria

A
37
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

Investigations

A
38
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

Management plan

A
39
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

AChEI and NMDA-R MoA, ADR

A
40
Q

Vascular dementia

Spectrum

A
41
Q

Vascular dementia

Causes

A
42
Q

Vascular dementia

Risk factors

A
43
Q

Vascular dementia

Clinical presentation

A
44
Q

Vascular dementia

Diagnostic criteria

A
45
Q

Vascular dementia

Management

A
46
Q

Lwey body dementia

Disease spectrum

A
47
Q

DLB

Clinical features

A
48
Q

DLB

Diagnosis

A
49
Q

DLB

Management

A
50
Q

Types of Parkinsonian syndromes with dementia

A
51
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

Risk factors

A
52
Q

NPH

Clinical presentation

A
53
Q

NPH

Diagnosis

A
54
Q

NPH

Management

A

MBBS VI - SpC - Family Medicine (42 decks)

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