Musculoskeletal Assessment Flashcards
Types of Connective Tissue
- bone
- cartilage
- ligaments
- tendons
- fascia
Types of Bone
- Compact (forms shaft and outer layer)
- Spongy (makes up ends and the centre)
Classifications of Bone
Classified by shape
- short
- flat
- irregular
- long
Function of Bones
- provide framework for body
- protect vital tissues
- primary site for storage of minerals (calcium and phosphate)
Marrow cavities are sites for?
production of blood cells and platelets (called hematopoiesis)
Muscle Types
- cardiac
- smooth
- skeletal
Skeletal muscles consist of?
Fibers bound together in bundles and attached to bone by tendons
How do they move joints?
By contracting and relaxing
What do muscles do?
Give the body shape and produce heat during movement
What are Joints?
Where two bones come together
What is the function of joints?
To provide mobility to the skeleton
How are joints classified?
By the type of cartilage
Types of Cartilage
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Synovial
Fibrous Joints
- immovable
- sutures in cranium
Cartilaginous
Slightly moveable (between sternum and ribs or symphysis pubis)
Synovial Joints
Freely moveable
- ball and socket (hip/shoulder)
- hinge (elbow/knee)
- pivot (atlas/axis)
- condyloid (wrist)
- saddle (thumb)
- gliding (intervertable)
What increases bone loss?
- smoking
- calcium deficiency
- high salt intake
- alcohol intake
- physical inactivity
Popping and cracking noises are known as?
Crepitus
Tremour
Involuntary contractions of muscles
Flexion
Decreases the angle between bones
Extension
Increases angle between the bones
Myalgia
Pain originating from muscles
Scoliosis
Lateral curvature of spine
-worse in girls
Kyphosis
Curvature of spine (hunchback)
Lordosis
Excessive inward curve
Torticollis
Wry neck, abnormal head or neck position
