Musculoskeletal and Nerve Block Flashcards
BCSE
Which horse breed is prone to hyperkalemic periodic paralysis?
American Quarter Horse
What is seen if there is a rupture of the prepubic tendon in a horse?
Pendulous abdomen
What is the site of spinal anesthesia in a cow?
Co1 - Co2
What is the site of spinal anesthesia in a Cow Calf?
S5 - Co1
What is the site of spinal anesthesia in a horse?
Co1 - Co2
What is the site of spinal anesthesia in a Dog?
Lumbosacral Junction
What is the site of spinal anesthesia in a cat?
Lumbosacral Junction
What is the site of spinal anesthesia in a pig?
L7 - S1
Which nerves are blocked in a Paravertebral Nerve Block?
T13, L1, L2
What cells does Canine Distemper affect in dogs?
Glial Cells
Which tranquilizer is approved for use in Swine?
Azaperone
-a pyridinylpiperazine and butyrophenone neuroleptic drug with sedative and antiemetic effects, which is used mainly as a tranquilizer in veterinary medicine.
Which joint fracture is the most difficult to treat in a Cow and Horse?
Stifle Joint
-Where the Tibia meets the Femur
What view is used for taking x-rays in the case of Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) of the Femur Head?
Lateral View
What view is used for taking x-rays in the case of Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD) of the Shoulder Joint?
Craniocaudal View
Thomas splints can be best applied on which bones?
Long Bones
-Tibia
-Radius
–Specifically, they are recommended for immobilizing simple transverse fractures of the radius, ulna, fibula, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges. Additionally, they can be useful for immobilizing certain joints, such as the stifle, after traumatic injuries or surgical stabilization.
What type of graft is used to treat a fistula of the paralumbar fossa in a cow?
Full Layer Mesh Graft
What causes Hygromas in Horse?
Hard bedding
Aseptic necrosis is seen of the femoral head of a dog - what would be your diagnosis?
Legg-calve-Perthes disease
–A condition where blood supply to the head of the thigh bone in the hip is temporarily disrupted. This leads to gradual weakening of the bone and can lose its round shape.
Legg-calve-Perthes disease usually occurs at what age?
Young Age (dogs 5-8 months)
-Legg-Calve-Perthes is a hereditary condition of small breeds, such as Chihuahuas, Bichon Frises, Poodles, Pomeranians, and terriers, and occurs in young dogs. It may also occur in cats. It is also common after trauma or injury to the leg or hip.
What joint has the maximum probability of getting Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in dogs?
Shoulder Joint is most likely to get OCD.
What joint is NOT involved in Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in dogs?
Hip Joint
What joints are involved in Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) in dog?
Shoulder, Elbow, Stifle, and Hock Joint(s)
What is the diagnosis of choice for an Avulsion Fracture of the Trochanter Major of the Femur?
Arthroscopy
What is the treatment of choice for Transverse Femur Fracture?
Intermedullary Pinning
In cattle, what muscle is most commonly damaged, in the hindlimbs, during recumbancy?
Quadriceps and Psoas Major Muscles
Osteosarcoma most commonly metastasizes to which organ?
Lungs
What is a major bone problem of the Metaphysis of long bones?
Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)
What breed are more prone to Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)?
Large Breed Dogs
- Great Danes, Saint Bernards, German Shepherds, Doberman Pinschers, Weimaraner, etc.
Which bone is more prone to Hypertrophic osteodystrophy (HOD)?
[Distal] Radius and Ulna
A horse is said to be lame on its right front leg - what should you observe during the lameness examination?
If the right forelimb is lame, the head will go down with the left forelimb on the ground.
What is the treatment for lameness involving a joint?
Arthrodesis
-Arthrodesis, also known as joint fusion, is a surgical procedure that permanently joins two bones in a joint together.
What is the treatment for a Sole Ulcer in the hoof of a cow?
Claw Trimming
-Sole Ulcer aka Pododermatitis Circumscripta
In a cat, hip luxation will cause the femoral head to move in which direction?
Craniodorsal
(Forward and Up)
What is the Diagnosis of Shifting Leg Lameness?
Panostitis
What will be seen on the radiograph if there is medullary osteoblast and fibroblast hyperactivity?
Increased Radio Opacity
Which type of sling is used to correct coxofemoral luxation?
Ehmer Sling
After an open femoral fracture surgery in a dog, what analgesic will you give?
Epidural Morphine
-Gives an analgesic effect for 24hrs required for bone surgery
A test dose of what is used to test for Myasthenia Gravis?
Edrophonium chloride (0.1-0.2mg/kg)
-Edrophonium chloride is used to help diagnose myasthenia gravis, a disease that causes severe muscle weakness.
-In myasthenia gravis, the body’s immune system destroys many of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, so that the muscle becomes less responsive to nervous stimulation.
–Edrophonium chloride increases the amount of acetylcholine at the nerve endings, allowing the remaining receptors to function more efficiently. The edrophonium test is used to distinguish a myasthenic crisis from a cholinergic crisis in individuals undergoing treatment for myasthenia gravis.
What is the treatment for Myasthenia Gravis?
-Neostigmine bromide
-Pyridostigmine
Where is a bone marrow biopsy (callus graft) normally taken from in a dog?
Iliac Crest
Where is a bone marrow biopsy (callus graft) normally taken from in Cattle?
Rib Cage (Sternum)
What is the Etiology of Foot Rot?
-Fusobacterium necrophorum
-Dichelobacter nodosus
What is the thickening or enlargement of the planter tarsal ligament at the caudal surface of the hock joint called?
Curb
What is the Etiology of the Toe Up Condition?
Ruptured Deep Digital Flexor (DDF) Tendon
What is the Joint Block used to Shoe a Horse?
Lateral Palmer Nerve Block
What is the Treatment for Foot Rot in Cattle?
Penicillin-G
What treatment would you give for a Thoracolumbar Injury in a Dog?
Prednisone
-a corticosteroid medicine used to decrease inflammation and keep your immune system in check, if it is overactive. Prednisone is used to treat allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and many more conditions.
How does Septic Arthritis spread in a Foal?
Hematogenous Rout of Transmission
A cast application is used int he treatment of which bone in cats?
Tibia
