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Phase 1 Medicine - Riona > Musculoskeletal anatomy > Flashcards

Musculoskeletal anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 superficial muscles of the back?

A
  • trapezius
  • latissimus dorsi
  • levator scapulae
  • rhomboid major
  • rhomboid minor
  • serratus posterior superior
  • serratus posterior inferior
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2
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius?

A

Elevates & rotates scapula during abduction of arm

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the trapezius?

A

Motor from accessory, CNXI

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4
Q

What are the actions of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Extends, adducts & medially rotates upper limb

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5
Q

What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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6
Q

What are the actions of the levator scapulae?

A

Elevates scapula

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7
Q

What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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8
Q

What are the actions of the rhomboid major?

A

Retracts & rotates scapula

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboid major?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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10
Q

What are the actions of the rhomboid minor?

A

Retracts & rotates scapula

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboid minor?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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12
Q

What are the actions of the serratus posterior superior?

A

Elevates ribs 2-5

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13
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus posterior superior?

A

Intercostal nerves

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14
Q

What are the actions of the serratus posterior inferior?

A

Elevates ribs 9-12

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the serratus posterior inferior?

A

Intercostal nerves

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16
Q

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Subscapularis
Teres minor

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17
Q

What is the main role of the rotator cuff muscles?

A

Gives glenohumeral joint additional stability

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18
Q

Where do the rotator cuff muscles originate from & where do they attach to?

A

From scapula to humeral head

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19
Q

What are the actions of the supraspinatus?

A

Abducts are 0-15 degrees

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20
Q

What is the innervation of the supraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular

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21
Q

What are the actions of the infraspinatus?

A

Laterally rotates arm

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22
Q

What is the innervation of the infraspinatus?

A

Suprascapular

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23
Q

What are the actions of the subscapularis?

A

Medially rotates arm

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24
Q

What is the innervation of the subscapularis?

A

Upper & lower subscapular

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25
Q

What are the actions of the teres minor?

A

Laterally rotates arm

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26
Q

What is the innervation of the teres minor?

A

Axillary

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27
Q

What are the actions of the deltoid? (3)

A

Flexes arm at shoulder (anterior fibres)
Extends arm at shoulder (posterior fibres)
Abducts arm (middle fibres)

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28
Q

What is the innervation of the deltoid?

A

Axillary

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29
Q

What are the actions of the teres major?

A

Adducts at shoulder

Medially rotates arm

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30
Q

What is the innervation of the teres major?

A

Lower subscapular

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31
Q

What are the contents of the axilla? (4)

A

Axillary artery & vein
Brachial plexus
Biceps brachii & coracobrachialis
Axillary lymph nodes

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32
Q

What are the roots of the brachial plexus?

A 
C5
C6
C7
C8
T1
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33
Q

What are the trunks of the brachial plexus?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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34
Q

What are the divisions of the brachial plexus?

A

3 anterior

3 posterior

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35
Q

What are the cords of the brachial plexus?

A

Lateral
Posterior
Medial

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36
Q

What are the branches of the brachial plexus?

A 
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Median
Radial 
Ulnar
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37
Q

What are the roots of the musculocutaneous branch?

A

C5, C6, C7

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38
Q

What are the roots of the axillary branch?

A

C5, C6

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39
Q

What are the roots of the median branch?

A

C6, C7, C8, T1

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40
Q

What are the roots of the radial branch?

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

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41
Q

What are the roots of the ulnar branch?

A

C8, T1

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42
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the anterior arm?

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis
Brachialis

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43
Q

What are the actions of the biceps brachii?

A

Supination of forearm

Flexes arm at elbow & shoulder

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44
Q

What are the actions of the coracobrachialis?

A

Flexion of arm at shoulder

Weak adduction

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45
Q

What are the actions of the brachialis?

A

Flexion at elbow

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46
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of the anterior arm?

A

Musculocutaneous

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47
Q

What is the arterial supply of the anterior arm?

A

Brachial artery

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48
Q

What is the muscle of the posterior arm?

A

Triceps brachii

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49
Q

What are the actions of the triceps brachii?

A

Extension of arm at elbow

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50
Q

What is the triceps brachii innervated by?

A

Radial nerve

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51
Q

What is the arterial supply of the triceps brachii?

A

Profunda bracii artery

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52
Q

What type of structural joint is the elbow?

A

Synovial

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53
Q

What type of functional joint is the elbow?

A

Hinge

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54
Q

What are the 2 articulations of the elbow joint?

A

Trochlear notch of ulna & trochlea of humerus

Head of radius & capitulum of humerus

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55
Q

What are bursa?

A

Membranous sacs filled with synovial fluid

Act to cushion moving parts of joint

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56
Q

Where are the collateral ligaments of the elbow?

A

Medially & laterally

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57
Q

What are the 4 superficial muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Flexor carpi radialis
Pronator teres

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58
Q

Where do the superficial muscles of the anterior forearm originate from?

A

Common tendon from medial epicondyle of humerus

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59
Q

What are the actions of the flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexion & adduction at wrist

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60
Q

What are the actions of the palmaris longus?

A

Flexion at wrist

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61
Q

What are the actions of the flexor carpi radialis?

A

Flexion & abduction at wrist

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62
Q

What are the actions of the pronator teres?

A

Pronation of forearm

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63
Q

What are the innervations of the muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

All but flexor carpi ulnaris & medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve) innervated by median nerve

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64
Q

What is the muscle in the intermediate compartment of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

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65
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexes MCP & proximal IP joints of 4 fingers

Flexes wrist

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66
Q

What are the 3 deep muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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67
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flex distal IP & MCP joints

Flexes at wrist

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68
Q

What are the actions of the flexor pollicis longus?

A

Flexes IP & MCP joints of thumb

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69
Q

What are the actions of the pronator quadratus?

A

Pronates forearm

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70
Q

What are the 7 superficial muscles of the posterior forearm?

A 
Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi longus
Extensor carpi brevis
Extensor digitorum
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor carpi ulnaris
Anconeus
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71
Q

What are the actions of the brachioradialis?

A

Flexes at elbow

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72
Q

What are the actions of the extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis?

A

Extends & abducts wrist

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73
Q

What are the actions of the extensor digitorum?

A

Extends medial 4 fingers at MCP & IP jionts

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74
Q

What are the actions of the extensor digiti minimi?

A

Extends little finger

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75
Q

What are the actions of the extensor carpi ulnaris?

A

Extension & adduction of wrist

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76
Q

What are the actions of the anconeus?

A

Extends & stabilise elbow joint

Abducts ulna during protonation

77
Q

What are the 5 deep muscles of the posterior forearm?

A 
Supinator
Abductor pollicus longus
Extensor pollicus brevis
Extensor pollicus longus
Extensor indicis proprius
78
Q

What are the actions of the supinator?

A

Supinates forearm

79
Q

What are the actions of the abductor pollicus longus?

A

Abducts thumb

80
Q

What are the actions of the extensor pollicus brevis

A

Extends at MCP & CM joins of thumb

81
Q

What are the actions of the extensor pollicus longus?

A

Extents at MCP, CM & IP joints of thumb

82
Q

What are the actions of the extensor inidicis proprius?

A

Extends index finger

83
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles in the posterior forearm?

84
Q

What pass between the two heads of the flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Median & ulnar nerves

85
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A

Located in forearm

Crude movements & forceful grip

86
Q

Where are the thenar muscles located?

A

Base of thumb

87
Q

What are the thenar muscles innervated by?

A

Median nerve

88
Q

What are the 3 thenar muscles?

A

Opponens pollicis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

89
Q

What are the actions of the opponens pollicis?

A

Opposes thumb by medially rotating & flexing MC

90
Q

What are the actions of the abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Abducts thumb

91
Q

What are the actions of the flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexes MCP joint of thumb

92
Q

Where are the hypothenar muscles located?

A

Medial side of palm

93
Q

What are the 3 hypothenar muscles?

A

Opponens digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

94
Q

What are the actions of the opponens digiti minimi?

A

Rotates 5th MC towards palm

Opposition

95
Q

What are the actions of the abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abducts finger 5

96
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digiti minimi brevis?

A

Flexes MCP joint at finger 5

97
Q

What are the hypothenar muscles innervated by?

A

Ulnar nerve

98
Q

What are the actions of the lumbricals?

A

Flex at MCP joint

Extend at IP joints

99
Q

Where do the lumbricals originate from & where do they insert?

A

From tendon of flexor digitorum profundus

To extensor hood

100
Q

What is the innervation of the lumbricals?

A

Medial two by ulnar

Lateral two by median

101
Q

Which lumbricals are bipennate?

102
Q

What does bipennate me?

A

Central tendon towards which fibres converge on either side

103
Q

How many palmer & how many dorsal interossei are there?

A

3 palmar

4 dorsal

104
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interosseis?

A

Abducts fingers at MCP joint

DAB

105
Q

What is the action of the palmar interosseis?

A

Adducts fingers at MCP joint

PAD

106
Q

What is the innervation of the interosseis?

A

Ulnar nerve

107
Q

What are the actions of the palmaris brevis?

A

Wrinkles skin of hypothenar eminence

Deepens curvature of hand

108
Q

What are the actions of the adductor pollicis?

A

Adductor of thumb

109
Q

What are the innervations of the muscles of the hand?

A

All ulnar apart from:
Lateral 2 lumbricals
Thenar muscles

110
Q

How do the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis & profundus relate?

A

FDS splits into 2 & inserts on either side of middle phalanx
P passes underneath to inserts on distal phalynx

111
Q

What are the 3 borders of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Tendons of:
extensor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis longus

112
Q

When do the subclavian arteries become the axillary arteries?

A

When they enter the axilla

113
Q

When does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

At the level of teres major

114
Q

What 3 arteries arise from the axillary artery at the level of the humeral surgical neck?

A

Posterior circumflex humeral artery
Anterior circumflex humeral artery
Subscapular artery

115
Q

How does the brachial artery terminate?

A

By bifurcating into the radial & ulnar arteries

116
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior aspect of the forearm?

117
Q

Which artery supplies the anterior aspect of the forearm?

118
Q

What do the radial and ulnar arteries anastomose in the hand to form?

A

Superficial palmar arch

Deep palmar arch

119
Q

What does this anastomosing of the hand allow?

A

Hand to be perfused when grasping/applying pressure

120
Q

What arteries supply the fingers?

A

Common digital arteries

121
Q

What are the 2 superficial veins of the upper limb?

A

Basilic

Cephalic

122
Q

What are vena comitantes?

A

Veins that are assisted in their return by the pulsations of arteries

123
Q

What is the main vein used for venipuncture?

A

Median cubital vein

124
Q

What is the cubital fossa?

A

Depression on anterior surface of elbow joint

125
Q

What are the 3 main contents of the cubital fossa?

A

Radial & median nerves
Biceps tendon
Brachial artery

126
Q

What are the articulations of the wrist joint between?

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Radial bone

127
Q

What are the 8 carpal bones?

A 
Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate
128
Q

What are the 3 bones of the pelvic bone?

A

Ilium
Pubis
Ischium

129
Q

What is the obturator foramen bound by?

A

Pubic rami
Pubic body
Ischial rami
Ischial body

130
Q

What are the 4 superficial muscles of the gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimis
Tensor fascia lata

131
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus maximus

A

Main extensor of thigh

Assists with lateral rotation

132
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus maximus?

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

133
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus medius?

A

Abducts & medially rotates lower limb

Secures pelvis during locomotion

134
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus medius?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

135
Q

What are the actions of the gluteus minimis?

A

Abducts & medially rotates lower limb

Secures pelvis

136
Q

What is the innervation of the gluteus minimis?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

137
Q

What are the actions of the tensor fascia lata?

A

Assists in abduction & medial rotation

Supports gait

138
Q

What is the innervation of the tensor fascia lata?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

139
Q

What are the actions of the piriformis?

A

Lateral roation & abduction

140
Q

What are the 4 muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Iliopsoas
Quadriceps femoris (x4)
Sartorius
Pectineus

141
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh innervated by?

A

Femoral nerve

142
Q

What are the actions of the iliopsoas?

A

Flexes lower limb at hip

Assists in lateral rotation at hip joint

143
Q

What are the 4 quadriceps femoris muscles?

A

Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris

144
Q

What do the quadriceps femoris muscles attach to distally?

A

Patella via patella tendon

145
Q

What do the vastus muscles of the quadriceps femurs do?

A

Extend knee joint

Stabilise patella

146
Q

What does the rectus femoris do?

A

Flexes leg at hip joint

Extend knee joint

147
Q

What are the actions of the sartorious?

A

Flexor, abductor, lateral rotator at hip joint

Flexor at knee

148
Q

What are the actions of the pectineus

A

Adduction & flexion at hip joint

149
Q

What does the femoral triangle contain?

A 
NAVEL
Femoral nerve
Artery
Vein
Empty space
Lymphoid canal
150
Q

What is the iliotibial tract?

A

A lateral extension of thickened fascia attached to the fascia late
Acts to stabilise knee joint & aids in abduction of thigh at hip

151
Q

What are the 3 posterior muscles of the thigh?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

152
Q

What is the innervation to the 3 posterior muscles of the thigh?

A

Sciatic nerve
L4-S3
Tibial for all but short head of biceps femoris

153
Q

What are the actions of the biceps femoris?

A

Flexion at knee
Extends leg at hip
Laterally rotates at hip & knee

154
Q

What are the actions of the semitendinosus?

A

Flexion at knee
Extension at hip
Medially rotates at hip & knee

155
Q

What are the actions of the semimembranous?

A

Flexion at knee
Extension at hip
Medially rotates hip & knee

156
Q

What are the 5 muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Obturator externus

157
Q

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh innervated by?

158
Q

What is the arterial supply of the medial compartmental thigh muscles?

A

Obturator artery

159
Q

What are the actions of the adductor magnus?

A

Adducts thigh
Adductor flexes
Hamstring extends thigh

160
Q

What are the actions of the adductor longus?

A

Adduction & medial rotation of thigh

161
Q

What are the actions of the adductor brevis?

A

Adduction of thigh

162
Q

What are the actions of the obturator externus?

A

Laterally rotates thigh

163
Q

What are the actions of the gracilis?

A

Adduction of thigh

Flexion at knee

164
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the anterior leg?

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

165
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior leg innervated by?

A

Deep peroneal nerve

L4-L5

166
Q

What is the arterial supply of the muscles in the anterior leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery

167
Q

What are the actions of the tibialis anterior?

A

Dorsiflexion & inversion

168
Q

What are the actions of the extensor digitorum longus?

A

Extension of lateral 4 toes

Dorsiflexion

169
Q

What are the actions of the extensor hallucis longus?

A

Eversion

Dorsiflexion

170
Q

What are the 2 muscles of the lateral leg?

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

171
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral leg innervated by?

A

Superficial peroneal

L4-S1

172
Q

What are the actions of the fibrularis longus?

A

Eversion
Planterflexion
Supports arches

173
Q

What are the actions of the fibularis brevis?

174
Q

What are the 3 superficial muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Soleus

175
Q

What is the innervation of the muscles of the posterior leg?

176
Q

What do the superficial muscles of the posterior leg insert into?

A

Calcaneus of foot via calcaneal tendon

177
Q

What are the actions of the gastrocnemius?

A

Plantarflexor

Knee flexor

178
Q

What are the actions of the plantaris?

A

Plantarflexor

Knee flexor

179
Q

What are the actions of the soleus?

A

Plantarflexor

180
Q

What are the 4 deep muscles of the posterior leg?

A

Popliteus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis

181
Q

What are the actions of the popliteus?

A

Laterally rotates femur

182
Q

What are the actions of the tibialis posterior?

A

Inverts

Plantarflexes

183
Q

What are the actions of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

Flexes lateral 4 toes

184
Q

What are the actions of the flexor hallucis longus

A

Flexes great toe

185
Q

What is the popliteal fossa?

A

Anatomical hole found behind knee joint

186
Q

What type of functional joint is the hip joint?

A

Ball & socket

187
Q

What type of structural joint is the hip joint?

188
Q

What deepens the acetabulum?

A

Acetabular labrum

Phase 1 Medicine - Riona (13 decks)

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