Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Most common manifestations of musculoskeletal impairment
- pain & weakness
- deformity
- limitation of movement
- joint crepitation
Compartment Syndrome
involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space
6 Ps of compartment syndrome
- Pallor
- Pain
- Pressure
- Paresthesia (early sign)
- Paralysis
- Pulselessness
Embolism Signs
- REEDA
- pain
- decreased function
Signs of fractures
- High: WBC, HR, RR, Temp
- malaise
- nausea
- anorexia
Venous Thromboembolism
- most common in lower extremities
- warm, red
- tender
- localized edema
- paresthesia
Fat Embolism
- common in femur, rib, tibia or pelvis injury
- tachypnea (priority)
- petechiae
- patient reports “impending doom”
Cast Care
- apply ice for first 24 hrs
- check with HCP before getting wet
- elevate above heart for first 48 hrs
- exercise joints above & below site
- relieve itching with cool air
When to report a problem: Cast
- increasing pain
- swelling associated with pain & discoloration of toes or fingers
- pain during movement
- burning or tingling
- sores or foul odor
Neurovascular Impairment Signs
- color
- temperature
- cap refill
- distal pulses
- edema
- sensation
- motor function & pain
Lower Back Pain Neuro Assessment
- depressed/absent achilles tendon or patellar reflex
- positive results from straight leg test, crossover test, trendelenburg test
Do’s of Patient Teaching: Back Pain
- sleep side-lying with knees & hips bent
- or sleep on back w/ lift under knees and legs
- place a foot on a stool during standing
- healthy weight
- lumbar roll or pillow for sitting
Vertebral Disc Surgery Important Dont’s
Do not: -Bend -Lift -Twist your spine
Osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow
-use antibiotic or analgesics
Osteomyelitis Symptoms
- bone pain
- fever
- swelling
- restricted limb movement
Osteomyelitis past health history
- bone trauma
- open fracture
- puncture wounds
Fibromyalgia Symptoms
- nonarticular musculoskeletal pain
- 11/18 tender points
- sleep disturbances
- morning stiffness
Fibromyalgia Care
- massage
- alternating heat & cold packs
- gentle stretching
- limit intake of: sugar, caffeine, & alcohol
Systemic Exertion Intolerance Disease (SEID)
AKA chronic fatigue syndrome
- avoid total rest
- well balanced diet
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, joints, and internal organs
SLE Symptoms
- fatigue
- arthritis
- tachypnea & cough
- renal problems
- vascular skin lesions
SLE enviromental risk factors
- stress
- viral infections
- UV light
- exposure to toxins & chemicals
SLE Diagnostic Tests
- urinalysis
- ECG
- chest x-ray
- serum complement
- CBC
SLE marker
ANA
Rheumatoid Arthritis Objective Data
- lyphadenopathy
- keratoconjunctivitis
- symmetric pallor & cyanosis
- chronic bronchitis
- splenomegaly (felty syndrome)
- joint swelling, heat
RA diagnostic findings
- positive rheumatoid factor
- increased ESR
- anemia
- high WBC
RA Acute Intervention
- drug therapy
- assess disease impact & pain
- rehab
- need for balance of rest & activity
- UAP: ROM
RA Ambulatory & Home Care
- rest & exercise
- body alignment
- joint protection
- heat & cold therapy
RA Rest
- total bed rest should be avoided
- daytime rest
OA Assessment
type, location, severity, frequency, and duration of the patient’s joint pain & stiffness
Skin Traction
short-term
- tape, boots, splints
- buck’s traction: hip, knee, femur
- weight: 5-10 lb
- assess pressure points every 2-4 hrs
Skeletal Traction
long-term
- pins, wires, weights
- weight: 5-45 lb
- balanced suspension
