Cancer

Question 1

CAUTION

Answer 1

Change in bowel/bladder habits
A sore that does not heal
Unusual bleeding/discharge
Thickening/lump
Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
Obvious change in wart/mole
Nagging cough or hoarseness

Question 2

Malnutrition: Cancer

Answer 2

• Avoid extreme temps, alcohol, spicy/rough foods
• nutritional supplements
• avoid tobacco products

Question 3

Altered Taste Sensation: Cancer

Answer 3

• bitter the taste buds

- offer foods that taste good

Question 4

Cachexia: Wasting Syndrome

Answer 4

• increase intake

- megestrol acetate (Megace): stimulates appetite

Question 5

Leading cause of death in patient with cancer

Answer 5

infection

Question 6

Oncologic Emergencies

Answer 6

• obstructive
• metabolic
• infiltrative

Question 7

What percentage of cancer patients have moderate to severe pain?

Answer 7

• 50%

- 80-90% for advanced cancer

Question 8

Pain Management

Answer 8

• pain dairy
• adjuvant therapy
• goals of therapy
• clarify myths
• reassure pain can be relieved

Question 9

Coping

Answer 9

• information
• attitude
• availability
• caregivers
• resources

Question 10

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a patient with cancer who is experiencing pain. What is the most important parameter the nurse would assess to develop a pain management plan for this patient?

Answer 10

Type of pain

Question 11

The community nurse is teaching preventive cancer measures to a group. Which statement does not indicate effective learning by the participants?

“We should avoid smoked and salt-cured meats.”

“We should be familiar with our family history regarding health.”

“We should sleep for at least four to five hours.”

“We should add whole grains and fiber foods in our diet.”

Answer 11

“We should sleep for at least four to five hours.”

Question 12

Bone Marrow

Answer 12

• stem cell production
• attacked by blood cancers
• suppressed by chemo (pancytopenic)

Question 13

Pancytopenic

Answer 13

• low WBC
• low hgb/hct
• low platelets

Question 14

Cancer Prevention

Answer 14

• colonoscopy > 50
• prostate (PSA) > 50 & annual DRE
• Mammogram > 45
• MRI if fam history of BRCA-1
• Annual CXR/CT of chest in smokers

Question 15

Breast Cancer Risks

Answer 15

• genetics/fam hx
• smoking
• radiation
• hormone replacement for menopause

Question 16

Breast Cancer S/Sx

Answer 16

• irregular, firm, painless, nontender, nonmobile breast masses
• changes in breast skin (orange peel)
• nipple discharge

Question 17

Chemo: breast cancer

Answer 17

includes aromatase inhibitors which leads to hot flashes & s/sx of menopause

Question 18

Cervical Cancer

Answer 18

• risks: HPV
• T: culposcopy, burning with acid, chemo, radiation
• Prevention: Gardasil vaccine in nonsexually active females > 14 yrs until age 25

Question 19

Colon Cancer

Answer 19

Risks: smoking, drinking, fatty diet, sedentary, fam hx

-S/sx: bloody stool, change in bowel habits, bloating, decreased appetite

Question 20

Lung Cancer S/sx

Answer 20

• bloody/dark sputum
• change in voice
• dyspnea
• chest pain

Question 21

Prostate Cancer

Answer 21

• risks: genetics, smoking, drinking, STIs
• S: blood in urine, dribbling, nocturia, difficulty emptying, erectile dysfunction
• T: TURP, chemo, radiation
• alpha blockers aid with urinary symptoms

Question 22

Radiation Interventions

Answer 22

• local skin care
• no lotions or harsh soaps
• limit visitors to short intervals
• avoid sun