Fluids and Electrolytes

Question 1

Hyperkalemia Manifestations

Answer 1

• dysrhythmias
• fatigue & confusion
• tetany

Question 2

Hyperkalemia cause

Answer 2

renal failure

Question 3

Hypokalemia Manifestions

Answer 3

• dysrhythmias
• muscle weakness
• dyspnea

Question 4

Hypercalcemia Manifestations

Answer 4

• fatigue

- bone fractures

Question 5

Hypercalcemia Causes

Answer 5

• hyperPTH

- cancer

Question 6

Hypocalcemia manifestation

Answer 6

• positive Trousseau’s or Chvotstek’s sign

- stridor and tetany

Question 7

Hypocalcemia Causes

Answer 7

• hypoPTH
• blood transfusions
• alkalosis

Question 8

Hypernatremia Manifestations

Answer 8

• fever, flushed skin
• restlessness
• increased fluid retention
• edema
• decreased urine output

Question 9

Hypernatremia Cause

Answer 9

-dehydration

Question 10

Hyponatremia Manifestions

Answer 10

• irritability
• vomiting
• lethargic

Question 11

Hyperphosphatemia Manifestations

Answer 11

• tetany
• muscle cramps
• hypotension

Question 12

Hyperphosphatemia causes

Answer 12

-AKI or CKD

Question 13

Hypophosphatemia Manifestations

Answer 13

• CNS depression
• muscle weakness
• rickets

Question 14

Respiratory Alkalosis Interventions

Answer 14

• breathe into a paper bag

- breathe slowly and deeply

Question 15

Metabolic Acidosis Interventions

Answer 15

• insulin (ketoacidosis)
• IV fluids
• sodium bicarbonate

Question 16

Metabolic Acidosis Compensation

Answer 16

Kussmaul Respirations: deep and rapid

Question 17

Metabolic Alkalosis Interventions

Answer 17

• isotonic fluids: 0.9% NaCl

- Assess respiratory distress

Question 18

Respiratory Acidosis Causes

Answer 18

• chronic pulmonary diseases

- hypoventilation

Question 19

Respiratory Acidosis Interventions

Answer 19

• maintain a patent airway
• coughing and deep breathing
• administer O2

Question 20

Respiratory Acidosis Compensation

Answer 20

kidneys secrete H+ while conserving HCO3-

Question 21

Respiratory Alkalosis Causes

Answer 21

• hyperventilation

- hypoxemia

Question 22

Respiratory Alkalosis Compensation

Answer 22

renal

Question 23

Metabolic Acidosis Causes

Answer 23

• diabetic ketoacidosis
• renal failure
• diarrhea

Question 24

Metabolic Alkalosis Causes

Answer 24

• vomiting/diarrhea

- NG suctioning

Question 25

Metabolic Alkalosis Compensation

Answer 25

• kidneys excrete HCO3

- decreased respiratory rate