Musculoskeletal Flashcards
Types of Synovial Joint (6)
definition and examples
BALL AND SOCKET- moves in all directions - Hip or shoulder
HINGE - flexion/extension in one direction - knee or elbow
GLIDING- bones glide against each other - wrist
PIVOT- allows for rotation - radius
CONDYLOID- sits in a cup - mandible
SADDLE - fits together like a saddle - base of thumb
Structure of a synovial joint
6
articular or hyaline cartilage capsule or capsular ligament synovial membrance synovial fluid intra/extra capsular structures nerve and blood supply
Movement patterns of synovial joints
10
flexion - extension abduction - adduction circumduction - rotation pronation - supronation inversion - eversion
Define Ligaments
- dense fibrous connective tissue
- attaches bone to bone, usually at a joint
Define Tendons
- Continuous with fibrous sheath covering each muscle
- attaches bone to muscle
Define Muscle and 4 characteristics
Highly specialised tissue to generate force.
- Contractility
- Excitability
- Extensibility
- Elasticity
Symptoms of a severe head injury
unconciousness concussion fits difficulty staying awake hearing loss double vision vomiting blood or clear fluid in ears memory loss swelling or bruising behind ears or round eyes loss of co-ordination
Define Homeostasis and what it controls
Balance of the bodys internal equilibrium
Controls- Blood pressure glucose CO2 water/fluids temperature
Features of the cranium
Formed by a number of flat and irregular bones that provide protection to the brain
The periosteum lining the inner surface off the skull forms the outer layer of dura matter
Bones have numerous perforations through which blood, nerves and lymph nodes p[ass
Components of the thoracic cage
Sternum, 12 pairs of ribs.
7 true, 3 false, 2 floating
Types of bones
5
LONG BONES - tib/fib SHORT BONES - wrists or ankles FLAT BONES - scapular IRREGULAR BONES - vertebrae SESAMOID BONES - patella
Functions of the skeleton
6
Support protection movement mineral storage blood cell production storage of energy
Components of the Sinuses
5
Frontal sinus Ethmoid Sinus Eye sockets Sphenoid Sinus Maxillary Sinus
Role of the Sinuses
4
Contains air - reduce weight of skull
Communicate - via nasal cavity
Lined with ciliated mucous membrane
Gives Resonance to voice
3 Types of Joint
Fiberous
Synovial
Fixed
