Musculoskeletal Flashcards
What is the most common injury to damage the radial nerve?
Humerus Fracture – due to radial running in a ridge through the humeral head.
What nerve allows for extension of the hand and wrist wtih posterior arm/forearm sensation?
Radial Nerve - “Wrist Drop”
What muscle is responsible for initial abduction of the shoulder?
Infraspinatus
What are the 4 muscles involved in the rotator cuff?
- Infraspinatus
- Supraspinatus
- Teres Minor
- Subscapularis
If a patient walks with a limp and you notice when he steps with his left leg his left hip drops, what might be wrong?
RIGHT Superior Gluteal Nerve
– Gluteus Mediatus
What binds calcium in muscles to allow for muscle contraction?
Troponin
- Troponin T – binds troponin complex to tropomycin
- Troponin I – binds Troponin-Tropomycin complex
- Tropnin C – BINDS Calcium
(Calcium also binds Phosphorylase Kinase to activate and for it to activate glycogen breakdown by glycogen phosphorylase)
What is at higher risk for osteoporosis, white or black, and why?
White – more trabecular bone breakdown
- Decreased osteoblast activity
- Mostly localized in dorsolumbar and femur neck
How is chronic PTH elevation bone degradation different from osteoporosis?
Subperiosteal resorption with cystic degeneration
How does Vitamin D deficiency present in bone?
excessive unmineralized osteoid
What are the differences in contraction of muscle in striated and smooth?
Striated – No calcium from outside the cell is needed, uses SR-RyR channels to release Calcium to bind Troponin.
Smooth – Extracellular Ca+2 influxes through voltage gated channel binding Calmodulin (NO Troponin)
Upon histological exam of skin lesions with silver scales in extensor surfaces, what might be missing and/or present?
Hyperkeratosis with blood vessels in the epidermis above the papillae (thus reason it bleeds when scale peeled off)
Mitotic Activity above the basal level
Missing Stratum Granulosum
If there is weakness of the transversalis fascia, what kind of hernia is most likely?
Direct — superior to inguinal ligament and medial to epigastric vessel
– protrudes through the superficial ring
If a female develops a femoral hernia, which is inferior to the inguinal ligament, what vessel lies immediately lateral to it?
Femoral Vein
If there is an infection in the prostate, where would the lymph nodes drain?
–internal iliac nodes
If there are lesions on the scrotum where can you find lymphadenopathy?
superficial inguinal nodes
If the testis are inflammed, where would you find lymphadenopathy?
Abdominal Aorta Nodes
What nerve root is compressed if there is shooting pain into the lateral thigh and inner foot?
L5 Compression
If a patient has weakness of plantar flexion and loss of ankle jerk, what root is most likely compression?
S1 Compression
What can cause high dysphasia with frequent coughing, choking, and regurgitation?
Zenker Diverticulum
- from chronic increased pressures in the esophagus leading to weakness in the wall and it protruding through.
- False Diverticulum
- Weakness of Cricopharyneal
What step in collagen synthesis is impaired in osteogenica imperfecta?
Glycosolyation while still in ER
What part of collagen synthesis is impaired in Ehlose-Danlos syndrome?
Unable to cleave the Pro-collagen (removing N and C terminals)
If collagen has missing hydroxylation sites during synthesis, what might be the problem?
Vitamin C – Scurrvy
– unable to hydroxylate proline/lysine
If a patient is balding, prior catarcts surgery, and says he has difficulty releasing his grip from door knobs, what kind of inheritance?
CTG Repeats – Dominant – Anticipation
- Myotonic Muscular Dystrophy
- Type 1 Fiber Atrophy
- Sustained Muscle Contraction
- Catarcts
- Alopecia
- Gonadal Atrophy
If there is a cleft lip, what did not develop properly?
Nasal Prominences
