Microbiology - Immunology Flashcards
What antigens of Hep B correlate to amount of infection?
HBeAg
HBcAg
What Hep B antigen does not correlated with virion production and forms spheres and tubules?
HBsAg — creates the surface envelop
What hepatitis contains a icosahedral nucleocapsid?
Hep A
What virulence factor can cause septic shock from bacteria?
LPS on gram negative membranes
- NOT secreted only released when bacteria divide or are destroyed by immune system
- **Lipid A is the toxic part – activate PMN/Macro, releasing IL-1 and inflammatory factors increasing permeability all around the body
What is the key characteristic that allows Hep D to co-infect with Hep B?
Hep D – is completely independent except does not have its own surface coating gene, which Hep B provides allowing Hep D to spread.
What can cause headache, joint pains in the morning of shoulders and knees, and facial pain?
Gaint Cell Vasculitis — Temporal Arteritis
- Can cause sudden blindness
- Granulomas of the vessels
- Medium Large Arteries
What syndrome presents with Raynaud’s Syndrome, Atrophic skin changes over the digits, and Right Heart Failure?
CREST SYNDROME - overproduction of TGF-B in small vessels
- Sclerodactylyl
- Raynauds
- Pulmonary Hypertension – damage to small arteries in lungs cause increased pressure in RV and failure
What is the most common cause of Mononucleosis?
EBV
- Fever, pharyngitis, splenomegaly, LAD
(+) Heterophile Antibodies
What is EBV infection associated with?
Histo – Atypical Lymphocytes with abundent pale blue cytoplasm NORMAL Nucleus
- Burkitt Lymphoma
- Hodgkins / Nonhodgkins
- Nasopharygeal Carcinoma (Asian)
What is the signal for extrinsic apoptosis?
FAS Receptor – CD95
– CD8+ Activate this pathway
What receptors are important in extracellular bacterial antigen processing?
MHC Class II
- alpha & beta chains
- receptor made in RER with INVARIANT CHAIN then transported to the endosome for antigen loading after APC took in antigen and degraded it inside lysosome.
What receptors are important in expressing self antigens and intracellular pathogens?
MHC Class I
- Proteins degraded within the cell are sent to the ER where the MHC receptors are being produced
- Pumped into ER via Transport Associated Antigen Processing (TAP) loads antigen with B2-microglobin assistance
What binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome blocking tRNA entry?
Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides
What binds to 50S subunit and blocks the translocation and release of the peptide?
Macrolids
- Erythromycin
- Azithromycin
What blocks the peptide bond formation?
Chloramphenicol – can also cause bone marrow suppression.
What is the biologic drug used to block leukotriene effects in asthma patients
Montelukast
What is responsible for a very low B-cell count (CD19/CD20) and recurrent infections?
Agammaglobulinemia
- X-linked
- Tyrosine Kinase Deficiency, unable to proliferate and maturation of the B-cells
If a patient is experiencing difficulty swallowing, skin changes over their hands, and have numerous vascularized lesions on their arms, what marker might be present?
(+) Anti-Centromere
– CREST Syndrome
(Calcinosis, Raynaud’s, Esophageal Dysfunction, Sclerodacycly, Telangectiasis)
What biomarker is present in Diffuse scleroderma?
(+) DNA Topoisomerase I
There will be skin involvement and viscerial involvement
What is Etanercept commonly used for?
Binds TNF-alpha preventing binding to receptors
– RA, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis
What are the short acting insulins?
- Lispro
- Aspart
- Glulisine
What is the best kind of insulin to be used when someone has DKA?
Regular Insulin – 2-4 hour timespan
What are the long acting insulins?
NPH
Glarigine
Determir
What is required for Haemophilus to grow on culture?
X-Factor / NAD+ (V-factor)
– if coupled with Staph on blood agar, then Staph (B-hemalytic) will lyse the RBCs releasing NAD for Haemophilus to grow.
