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Step 1 > Microbiology - Immunology > Flashcards

Microbiology - Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What antigens of Hep B correlate to amount of infection?

A

HBeAg

HBcAg

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2
Q

What Hep B antigen does not correlated with virion production and forms spheres and tubules?

A

HBsAg — creates the surface envelop

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3
Q

What hepatitis contains a icosahedral nucleocapsid?

A

Hep A

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4
Q

What virulence factor can cause septic shock from bacteria?

A

LPS on gram negative membranes

    • NOT secreted only released when bacteria divide or are destroyed by immune system
  • **Lipid A is the toxic part – activate PMN/Macro, releasing IL-1 and inflammatory factors increasing permeability all around the body
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5
Q

What is the key characteristic that allows Hep D to co-infect with Hep B?

A

Hep D – is completely independent except does not have its own surface coating gene, which Hep B provides allowing Hep D to spread.

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6
Q

What can cause headache, joint pains in the morning of shoulders and knees, and facial pain?

A

Gaint Cell Vasculitis — Temporal Arteritis

    • Can cause sudden blindness
    • Granulomas of the vessels
    • Medium Large Arteries
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7
Q

What syndrome presents with Raynaud’s Syndrome, Atrophic skin changes over the digits, and Right Heart Failure?

A

CREST SYNDROME - overproduction of TGF-B in small vessels

  • Sclerodactylyl
  • Raynauds
  • Pulmonary Hypertension – damage to small arteries in lungs cause increased pressure in RV and failure
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8
Q

What is the most common cause of Mononucleosis?

A

EBV
- Fever, pharyngitis, splenomegaly, LAD
(+) Heterophile Antibodies

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9
Q

What is EBV infection associated with?

A

Histo – Atypical Lymphocytes with abundent pale blue cytoplasm NORMAL Nucleus

    • Burkitt Lymphoma
    • Hodgkins / Nonhodgkins
    • Nasopharygeal Carcinoma (Asian)
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10
Q

What is the signal for extrinsic apoptosis?

A

FAS Receptor – CD95

– CD8+ Activate this pathway

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11
Q

What receptors are important in extracellular bacterial antigen processing?

A

MHC Class II

    • alpha & beta chains
    • receptor made in RER with INVARIANT CHAIN then transported to the endosome for antigen loading after APC took in antigen and degraded it inside lysosome.
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12
Q

What receptors are important in expressing self antigens and intracellular pathogens?

A

MHC Class I

  • Proteins degraded within the cell are sent to the ER where the MHC receptors are being produced
  • Pumped into ER via Transport Associated Antigen Processing (TAP) loads antigen with B2-microglobin assistance
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13
Q

What binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome blocking tRNA entry?

A

Tetracycline

Aminoglycosides

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14
Q

What binds to 50S subunit and blocks the translocation and release of the peptide?

A

Macrolids

    • Erythromycin
    • Azithromycin
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15
Q

What blocks the peptide bond formation?

A

Chloramphenicol – can also cause bone marrow suppression.

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16
Q

What is the biologic drug used to block leukotriene effects in asthma patients

A

Montelukast

17
Q

What is responsible for a very low B-cell count (CD19/CD20) and recurrent infections?

A

Agammaglobulinemia

    • X-linked
    • Tyrosine Kinase Deficiency, unable to proliferate and maturation of the B-cells
18
Q

If a patient is experiencing difficulty swallowing, skin changes over their hands, and have numerous vascularized lesions on their arms, what marker might be present?

A

(+) Anti-Centromere
– CREST Syndrome
(Calcinosis, Raynaud’s, Esophageal Dysfunction, Sclerodacycly, Telangectiasis)

19
Q

What biomarker is present in Diffuse scleroderma?

A

(+) DNA Topoisomerase I

There will be skin involvement and viscerial involvement

20
Q

What is Etanercept commonly used for?

A

Binds TNF-alpha preventing binding to receptors

– RA, Psoriasis, Psoriatic Arthritis

21
Q

What are the short acting insulins?

A
  • Lispro
  • Aspart
  • Glulisine
22
Q

What is the best kind of insulin to be used when someone has DKA?

A

Regular Insulin – 2-4 hour timespan

23
Q

What are the long acting insulins?

A

NPH
Glarigine
Determir

24
Q

What is required for Haemophilus to grow on culture?

A

X-Factor / NAD+ (V-factor)
– if coupled with Staph on blood agar, then Staph (B-hemalytic) will lyse the RBCs releasing NAD for Haemophilus to grow.

25
Q

What is a surface marker of Macrophage?

A

CD14

26
Q

What is the cause of the symptoms of psoriasis?

A

Immune reaction CD4/CD8 – TNF, IL12, IFN-gamma induces keratinocytes to proliferate

27
Q

How are Hep B and Hep C different?

A

Hep B – integrates into genome, inactivates p53 eventually and leads to HCC
Hep C – does not integrate, chronic inflammation leads to HCC

28
Q

What microbes cause ribosylation of EF-2 preventing protein synthesis?

A

Diptheria

Pseudomonas

29
Q

What bacterium depolymerizes actin in the GI tract?

A

C.Diff

30
Q

How are Cholera and Pertussis toxins similar?

A

Cholera Toxin – ADP-Ribosylation of Gs = Increases cAMP

B. Pertussis – ADP-Ribosylates Gi = prevents inhibition, keeping cAMP elevated

Step 1 (16 decks)

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