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DNA Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common classification among herpes family of viruses?

A

dsDNA enveloped

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of intraoral inflammation of the gingiva and mucosa in a young newborn?

A

HSV-1 (typically from the mother)

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3
Q

What virus is responsible for a 25 year old with fever, headache, personality change, and hallucinations?

A

Desiminated HSV-1

– temporal lobe inflammation and hemorrhages

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4
Q

Where do HSV-1 and HSV-2 reside latently?

A

HSV-1 – usually trigeminal ganglia

HSV-2 – sacral ganglia

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5
Q

What test would you need to perform after you have aspired at vessicular lesion on a patient’s groin to identify?

A

Tzank Smear – look for multinucleated giant cells and intracellular inclusions – Cowdry Bodies

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6
Q

What is characteristics of HSV-2 infection?

A

painful groin vesiscular lesions with inguinal lymphadepathy

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7
Q

What family and characteristics is EBV?

A

Herpesfamily

dsDNA with envelope

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8
Q

What are unique pathology associated with EBV?

A

Infects B-cells via CD21 Receptor
- Infectious Mono
Immunocompromised
- Hodgkin’s Lymphoma – Reed-Sternburg Cells
- Burkitt Lymphoma – jaw/mandible lesions
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (Asians)
- leukoplakia of the lateral tongue (HIV)

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9
Q

How can you tell strep pharyngitis/tonsillitis from infectious mononucleosis?

A

Strep – usually young children and resolves with amoxicillin/ampicillin
EBV – older children (teens) and will have posterior LAD and if started on amox/amp will develop macular rash

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10
Q

What are the diagnostic tests for EBV / Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

Monospot Test – heterophile antibodies that bind to horse RBC (REMEMBER B-CELLS)

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11
Q

What is a unique microscopic identifier of Infectious mononucleosis?

A
  • Downey Cells, mostly CD8+ cells with indented nucleus
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12
Q

What family is CMV in and how is it classified?

A

Herpesfamily, dsDNA virus with envelop

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13
Q

What are the buzz words for congenital CMV infection?

A
  • sensorineural HEARING LOSS in children
  • “blue berry muffin rash” – petechiae rash
  • intraventrical calcifications
  • Hydrops Fetalis
  • – its the most common congenital viral infection
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14
Q

What kind of symptoms in a patient that has a CD4 count below 50, if infected with CMV?

A
  • CMV Retinitis
  • Linear Ulcerations of esophagitis
  • CMV Colitis
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15
Q

What is the causative agent if a 15 year old gets pharyngitis with posterior LAD, but negative Monospot Test?

A
    • Strep

- - CMV (Owl’s Eye Appearance)

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16
Q

What family is varicella zoster in and classification?

A

Herpesfamily – dsDNA with evelope

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17
Q

What is unique characteristic of varicella in children?

A

“Dew drops on a rose” – type of rash

  • Different stages of healing (KEY)
  • fever/sweat
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18
Q

What are the pathologic factors in varicella?

A
  • Latent in dorsal root ganglia
    Immunocompromised
    – dermatomal distribution
    – postherpetic neurologia (painful area with or without rash several weeks/months)
    Complication – varicella pneumonia (mortality)
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19
Q

What kind of vaccine is used for varicella?

A

Live Attenuated Virus

20
Q

What is congenital Varicella consist of?

A

TORCH Infection

    • blindness
    • limb development inhibition (stubby)
    • cutaneous scarring?
21
Q

What families are HHV-6 and HHV-8 virus in and their classificiations?

A

Herpesfamily

dsDNA virus with envelope

22
Q

What is the virus that affects young children (6m-2years) with a high fever followed by a rash that spares the face?

A

HHV-6 Roseola

– KEY – LACEY RASH, Spares the Face

23
Q

Who is most commonly affected by HHV-8?

A

Immunosuppressed individuals

  • elderly russian men
  • african adults
24
Q

What is the unique attribute of HHV-8 to look for clinically?

A

Immunosuppressed individuals

  • Violacious Lesions of nose, extremities, and mucous membranes (hard palatte)
  • Causes increased VEGF/vasculature
  • Primary Effusion lymphoma
25
Q

What two etiologies cause highly vascularized lesions on the body who are immunocompromised?

A
  • HHV-8

- Bartonella Hensleae (cat scratches)

26
Q

How do you classify Pox Virus?

A

dsDNA that is linear with envelope

  • also the largest genome of any virus
  • makes it own envelope, does not use the cell’s membrane
27
Q

How can you tell between small pox and varicella?

A

Varicella – different aged lesions on the skin

Small Pox – all the lesions are the same age

28
Q

What are the unique characteristics of Molluseum Catagiosum?

A

– Flesh colored lesion that is dome shaped with a central dimple

29
Q

How do you classify Polyomavirus?

A

Naked, circular dsDNA virus

30
Q

What happens if a person who is immunocompromised gets polyomavirus?

A

JC Virus – progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy when CD4+ count is less than 200, non-enhancing white matter lesions

31
Q

What are patients who have transplants at risk of developing? (On top of being immunocompromised)

A
  • -BK Virus (bad kidney) damages kidney and causes hemorrhagic cystitis (can be isolated in urine)
    • usually only transplant patients
  • -CMV Pneumonia
32
Q

How is Parvovirus unique in its characteristic?

A

Only DNA Virus – ssDNA, naked, smallest genome

33
Q

What adults are most suspectible to harmful affects of Parvovirus B19?

A

Sickle Cell – causes aplastic anemia, due to infecting the bone marrow

34
Q

If a child develops a fever, then after the fever subsides develops a rash on their face that spreads downwards in a lacey pattern, what is the infectious agent?

A

Parvovirus B19

    • Slapped Cheek Disease // Fifths Disease
  • **STARTS on FACE (Unique)
35
Q

What virus mostly affects military personnel and others in close quarters?

A
  • Adenovirus – dsDNA, linear, naked
36
Q

A recent military recruit presents with sore throat, injected sclera, and occasional hematuria, what might be the causative agent?

A
  • Adenovirus
    • tonsillitis
    • viral conjunctivitis
    • hemorrhagic cystitis
37
Q

What strands of HPV are common verruca vulgaris?

A

HPV1, 2, 3, 4

38
Q

How do you classify HPV stains?

A

dsDNA, circular, and naked

39
Q

What papillomavirus stains cause laryngeal papillomatosis on vocal cords and anogenital warts/condro accumulata?

A

HPV6, 11 (low risk stains for cancer)

40
Q

What stains are the high risk HPV stains for squamous cell carcinoma?

A

HPV16 / HPV18 + HPV31/33

– cervical cancer: post intercourse painless bleeding

41
Q

How does HPV cause cancer?

A

Produce E6/E7

  • -E6: proteolysis of p53 allowing cycle progression to S
  • -E7: inhibits Rb, allowing into S-phase
42
Q

How do you prevent cervical cancer?

A

Pap smear – looking at transition zone - kiolocytes

– Vaccine with high risk strains 16,18

43
Q

What makes Hep B unique in classification?

A

partial dsDNA virus, circular, enveloped

- replicates both in the cytoplasm and nucleus, most others are in cytoplasm

44
Q

What is the difference in prognosis of Hep B with children and adults becoming infected?

A

Children – the younger the higher risk of chronic infection

Adults – limited risk of chronic infection due to intact immune system

45
Q

What are common clinical manifestations of Hep B?

A
  • hepatitis
  • polyartheritis nodosa (small medium arteries), looks like beads on a string
  • membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis – train track appearance in the glomeruli
46
Q

What is commonly co-infected with Hep B?

A

Hep D – can only infect if Hep B is present or at the same time. Worsens prognosis.
Treatment – Lamivudine + RT inhibitors + IF-Alpha

47
Q

What is the risk with chronic Hep B infection?

A
    • Hepatocellular Carcinoma

- - Fibrosis from chronic inflammation

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