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MUSCULOESKELETAL,SKIN,CONNECTIVE TISSUE Flashcards

0
Q

What’s the most common injury at the knee In contact sports?

A

Lateral meniscus injury

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1
Q

What’s the unhappy triad?

A

LATERAL FORCE CAUSE:

ACL
MCL
Medial meniscus

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2
Q

Most common bone injured in the carpal zone?

A

Scaphoid

AVASCULAR NECROSIS

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3
Q

What have if there is a dislocation of lunate bone?

A

Cause carpal tunnel syndrome

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4
Q

What nerve is impaired in lesion of hook of the hamate?

A

Ulnar nerve damage

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5
Q

What’s the guyon canal sindrome?

A

Ulnar compression in cyclisits

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6
Q

Explain sites of upper extremity injury and its nerve injury (6)

A

Axiliary C5-C6Fractured surgical neck of humerus; anterior dislocation of humerus

musculocutaneusC5-C7 Upper trunk compression

radial C5-T1 Midshaft fracture of humerus;“Saturday night palsy”

median C5-T1 Supracondylar fracture of humerus (proximal lesion); carpal tunnel syndrome and wrist laceration (distal lesion)

Ulnar C8-T1 Fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus (proximal lesion); fractured hook of hamate (distal lesion)

Recurrent branch median nerve C5-T1 Superficial laceration of palm

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7
Q

Signs of injuries in brachial plexus (9)

A
  1. Erb palsy (“waiter’s tip”) UPPER TRUNK
  2. Claw hand (Klumpke palsy) LOWER TRUNK
  3. Wrist drop POSTERIOR CORD
  4. Winged scapula ROOT long thoracic nerve
  5. Deltoid paralysis AXILLARY
  6. “Saturday night palsy” (wrist drop) RADIAL
  7. Difficulty flexing elbow, variable sensory loss MUSCULOCUTANEUS
  8. Decreased thumb function, “Pope’s blessing” MEDIAN
  9. Intrinsic muscles of hand, claw hand ULNAR
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8
Q

Explain sites of lower extremity injury and its nerve injury (6)

A

Obturador L2-L4 Pelvic surgery
Femoral L2-L4 Pelvic fracture
Common peroneal L4-S2 lateral aspect of leg, fibular neck fracture
Tibial L4-S3 Knee trauma, Baker cyst (proximal lesion); tarsal tunnel syndrome (distal lesion)
Superior Gluteal L4-S1 intramuscular injection to upper medial gluteal region
Inferior Gluteal Posterior L5-S2 hip dislocation

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9
Q

Signs of lumbosacral radiculopathy 3

A

L3-L4 Weakness of knee extension,  patellar reflex
L4-L5 Weakness of dorsiflexion, difficulty in heel-walking
L5-S1 Weakness of plantarflexion, difficulty in toe-walking,  Achilles reflex

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10
Q

What nerve is affected in L3-L4 herniation?

A

L4!!!!!!!

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11
Q

How the sarcomere is divided?

A

MHAIZ

MHA MIOSINA

IZ ACTINA

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12
Q

What bands shrink ?

A

HI

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13
Q

What engines are activated in muscle contraction and relaxation?

A

Myosin-light-chain kinase CONTRACTION

Myosin-light-chain phosphatase RELAXATION

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14
Q

PTH actions depend of levels (2)

A

LOW INTERMITENT Anabolica

HIGH CONSTAT Catabolic

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15
Q

Gene implicated in achondroplasia ?

A

Activation of FGFR inhibit Chondrocyte proliferation

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16
Q

Diagnostic and causes of primary osteoporosis (1-4)

A

DEXA< 2.5

Steroids
Anticonvulsant
Anticoagulant
Thyroid replacement

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17
Q

What’s denosumab?

A

Antibody against RANKL (active osteoclasts)

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18
Q

Cause and treatment of osteoporosis

A

Mutation of carbonic anhydrise in osteoclasts

Bone marrow transplant

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19
Q

How pager disease cause heart failure ?

A

Bone fractures cause arterio-venus shunts

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20
Q

Causes of avascular necrosis of femur head ASEPTIC

A 
Alcoholism
Sickle cell disease
Exogenous/ Endogenous corticosteroids
Pancreatitis
Trauma
Idiopathic (Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease)
Caisson
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21
Q

Difference between primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism Ca serum, PO4,ALP

A

primary ⬆️Ca serum ⬇️PO4 ⬆️ALP

secondary ⬇️Ca serum ⬆️PO4 ⬆️ALP

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22
Q

Age and principal characteristics of benign bone tumors

A

GIANT CELL 20-40 yrs
around knee. “Soap bubble”

OSTEOCHONDROMA Males < 25 years old.
Un cachito epifisis

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23
Q

Age and principal characteristics of malign bone tumors

A

OSTEOSARCOMA 10-20yrs >65
Around the knee metaphysis
Codman triangle elevation of periosteum

EWING SARCOMA
Boys<15 yrs diaphysis scapula pelvis ribs
Onion skin periosteum reaction
t11:22

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24
Genetic association or rheumatoid arthritis
HLA-DR4
25
Antibodies in sjogren syndrome (2)
SS-A(anti-Ro) | SS-B (anti-La)
26
How are the crystals in gout
Negative birefringent
27
Articulation and microscopic difference between gout and pseudogout
Gout : MTP big toe yellow parallel light negative birefringent Pseudogout: knee blue parallel light positive birefringent
28
What's the triad of Reiter syndrome
Conjunctivitis Urethritis Arthritis
29
Wghats group of patients and lab findings in sarcoidosis?
``` Black females ⬆️ACE ⬆️CD4/CD8 ratio Hypercalcemia Bilateral adenopathy in CRX ```
30
Whats polymialgia rheumatica
Pain in shoulders and hips Fever No muscular weakness Women >50 yrs Tto low dose corticosteroids
31
Fibromyalgia presentation
Chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain
32
Lab findings in polymiositis (5)
``` ⬆️CK ⊕ ANA ⊕ anti-Jo-1 ⊕ anti-SRP ⊕ anti-Mi-2 antibodies ```
33
What's adding in lab findings in dermatomyositis?
CD4 ✅
34
Difference between myasthenia gravis and lambert-Eaton myasthenia syndrome 4
myasthenia gravis antibody ACh receptor, worse with muscle use Thymoma,drug reversal symptom edrophonium lambert-Eaton myasthenia syndrome antibody Ca canal, improve whit muscle use,oat cell cancer, drug do not reversal symptoms
35
Layers of the skin
Corneum (keratin) ƒLucidum ƒGranulosum ƒSpinosum (desmosomes) ƒ Basale (stem cell site)
36
What components are in adherents junction?
Cadherins Ca dependent adhesion proteins Looss of E-cadherin promotes metastasis
37
What's parakeratosis?
Hyper keratosis whit retention of nuclei in stratum corneum
38
What's espongiosis ?
Epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular spaces
39
What's acantolysis?
Separation of epidermal cells | Spinosum stratum
40
What stratum grow most inn achantosis?
Spinosum
41
What kind of allergic is neomycin allergic?
Contact dermatitis | Type IV hypersensitive
42
Cause of Rosacea?
Alcohol | Heat
43
Difference between staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis?
staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome destruction of keratinocyte attachment in Granulosum toxic epidermal necrolysis destruction of epidermal-dermal junction
44
What virus is responsible by moluscum contagiosum?
Poxvirus
45
What virus is associated whit hairy leukolakia?
EBV | HIV patients
46
How you see bullous pemphigoid immunofluorecense ?
Linear pattern in epidermal-dermal junction
47
What kind Of Ig and what associated disease are in dermatitis herpetiformis ?
Deposits of IgA at tips of dermal papillae. | Associated with celiac disease.
48
Infection association of erythema multiforme (2)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae | HSV
49
What's actinic keratosis?
Pre malign lesion Leading to squamous cell carcinoma
50
6P's of linchen Planus
``` Pruritic Purple Polygonal Planar Papules and Plaques ```
51
How lichen planus is seen in microscopi?
Sawtooth infiltrate of lymphocytes at dermal-epidermal junction. Associated with hepatitis C.
52
Clinical presentation of basal cell carcinoma
nonhealing ulcers | scaling plaque
53
Clinical presentation of squamous cell carcinoma
Ulcerative red lesions with frequent scale.
54
What's the ABCDE of melanoma ?
``` Asymmetry Border irregularity Color variation Diameter > 6 mm Evolution over time ```
55
What's the mutation and the treatment for melanoma
BRAF mutation | Vemurafenib inhibitor or BRAF kinase
56
Which Drugs can ⬆️ Uterine tone?
Dinoprostone PGE2. | Carboprost PGF2
57
Which analog of prostacyclin can ⬇️vascular tone and platelet aggregation?
Epoprostenol PGI2
58
Function of PGE1
⬇️vascular tone | ALPROSTADIL
59
Difference between zileuton and montelukast
Zileuton inhibit lipooxigenase (⬇️ bronchial tone⬇️neutrophil chemotaxis) Montelukast just ⬇️ bronchial tone
60
Doses of aspirin
``` Low dose (< 300 mg/day):  platelet aggregation. Intermediate dose (300–2400 mg/day): antipyretic and analgesic. High dose (2400–4000 mg/day): anti-inflammatory. ```
61
Intoxication by aspirin
Tinnitus Acute renal failure Reye syndrome First respiratory alkalosis Then acidosis mixta
62
Toxicity by bisphosphonates
Corrosive esophagitis | Osteonecrosis of jaw
63
Mechanism of action of allopurinol and febuxotat
Inhibit xanthine oxidase ⬆️hypo xanthine ⬆️[ ] 6MP and azathioprine
64
Mechanism of action of probenecid
Inhibit reabsortion of Uris acid in proximal tubule
65
What are TNF-alpha inhibitors?
Etanerceb Infliximab Adalimumab
66
How chronic use of glucocorticoids drecrese bone density?
⬇️ GI absorption of calcium ⬇️ collagen synthesis ⬇️ GnRh ⬆️ urinary calcium loss
67
How ankylosing spondylitis can be monitored , same as complications (3)
Limited chest wall expansion Ascending aortitis whit aortic insufficiency Anterior Uveitis
68
Principal clinical features of fibromyalgia (3)
Widespread musculoskeletal pain Fatigue Neuropsychiatric disturbances >3 MONTHS!!!!!
69
What features of rheumatic fibromyalgia are characteristics (4)
>50 yrs Subacute pain and stiffness Weigh loss FEVER!!!
70
What antibodies are implied in Polymiositis?(2)
``` Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) Anti-histidil-tRNA (anti-Jo-1) ```
71
How UV rays can cause DNA damage?
PYRIMIDINE DIMERS!!!!!!!
72
What's caudal regression syndrome?
Risk factor: uncontrolled diabetes in pregnancy Agency of sacrum , lumbar spine Flaccid legs urinary incontinence
73
What are the elements underlie in the pathophysiology of acne (4)
Follicular epidermal proliferation Excessive sebum production Inflammation Propionibacterium acnes
74
What type of muscle fibers there are?
Type I slow full of myoglibin poor in glycogen POSTURAL Type II fast poor in myoglobin full off glycogen IIa intermediated IIb anaerobic
75
What type of t helper cells and its cytokines are implied in Psoriasis?(2,5)
``` Th1 Th17 TNF-alpha IL-12 IFN-gamma IL-23 IL-17 ``` Leading to keratinocyte proliferation
76
Treatment of psoriasis pharmacological group
Vit D analogs (inhibition of keratinocyte proliferation stimuli its differentiation) Calcipotriol Calcitriol Tacalcitol CICLOSPORINE Inhibit IL-2. T cell differentiation
77
What drugs provide repaid relief of rheumatic symptoms?(2)
Glucocorticoids | NSAIDs
78
What drugs are consider DMARDs (4)
Hydroxicloroquine Methotrexate Minocycline Sulfasalazine
79
How is the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis? (3)
⬆️ erythrocyte sedimentation rate ⬆️ C-reactive protein Bx intimal thickening Elastic lamina fragmentation, multi-nucleated giant cells Tto glucocorticoids
80
What muscle disease is linked whit giant cell arteritis ?
Polymialgia rheumatica
81
What are late symptoms of LYME disease?
Mono arthritis | KNEEE!!!!
82
How hemorrhage cutaneous lesions are classified ?(3)
Petechia <5mm diameter Purpura 5-10 mm diameter Ecchymosis >1cm diameter
83
What antiviral drugs require viral kinase | And what do not?
CLOVIR ends needs viral kinase FOVIR ends DO NOT NEED VIRAL KINASE
84
What's the most common tendon muscle affected in rotator cuff syndrome?
Supraspinatus tendon | Evaluated whit "empty-can" test
85
Why COX 2 selective are linked whit thrombosis and stroke?
Normally COX2 leads to ⬆️ prostacyclin (PGI2) vasodilate and ⬇️platelet aggregation
86
Complications of psoriasis (3)
Psoriatic arthritis distal interphalgical joints Nail changes Inflammatory eyes
87
Types of xanthomas (4)
Eruptive yellow papules Tuberous and tendinous Plane skin folds related whit primary biliary cirrhosis Xanthelasma eyelid
88
Whats the innervation and function of latissimus dorsi (ancho dorsal)
Thoracodorsal nerve c6-c8 | Extension , addiction ,internal rotation of humerus
89
What nerve an muscle are injured in whiplash lesson (latigazo)
XI cranial nerve Trapezius Elevate, rotate, stabilize the scapula
90
Through what muscles via sciatic nerve pass
Piriformis | Superior gemellus
91
What are the major flexor of the hip?
Iliacus and psoas
92
Microscopic findings in celiac disease (3)
Atrophy of intestinal villus Crypt hyperplasia Intraepithelial lymphocytes
93
Cutaneous associations of ulcerative colitis (2)
Erythema nodosum | Pyoderma gangrenosum
94
Malignant capacity of lentigo melanoma
LOW | Melanoma in situ
95
Which ligaments stabilizing the ankle (7)
LATERAL Anterior Talofibular (most sprain) Calcaneofibular Posterior Talofibular ``` MEDIAL Anterior Tibiotalar Tibionavicular Tibiocalcaneo Posterior Tibiotalar ```
96
How radial and median nerves are injured in elbow fractures?
RADIAL Anterolateral displacement of distal diaphysis humeral MEDIAN Anteromedial displacement of distal diaphysis humeral
97
Which later muscular changes are present un Duchenne disease?
Pseudohypertrofy of Calf | Fat connective tissue replacement of hypertrophic calf muscle
98
Which is the cause of androgen in alopecia and which drugs can diminish the substance implied?
To much dihydrotestosterone 5alpha - reductase inhibitors FINASTERIDE
99
Treatment for alopecia aerate
Topical corticoids
100
What's the hallmark of atopic dermatitis?
INTENSE PRURITUS!!!!!!!
101
What's the allergic triad?
Atopic disease Allergic rhinitis Asthma
102
How osteocytes remain connected each other?
GAP JUNCTIONS!!!!
103
What are the embryologic source of melanocytes?
NEURAL CREST!!!!!
104
What are the complications associated to polymiositis ?(2)
Interstitial lung disease | Myocarditis
105
What mediator is linked which giant cell arteritis? And what drug target this substance ?
IL-6!!!! | Tocilizumab Ac IL-6
106
How osteoclastic activity can be messured?(3)
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase Urinary hydroxiproline ✅Urinary deoxypyridinoline
107
What is the consequence of miastenia gravis in the action potential?
⬇️ the end plate potential under the threshold
108
Mechanism of action of scopolamine ?
Selective muscarinic ACh receptor ANTAGONIST
109
Mechanism of action of biphosphonate?
Inhibition of mature osteoclasts
110
Mechanism of action Of estrogens in osteoporosis management?
Inhibition of osteoclastic differentiation. | Inhibition of RANKL
111
How is the pain in bursitis?
Diminish the ACTIVE range of motion | No pain in PASIVE MOTION
112
What are the side effects of colchicine?
Nausea Vomit Diarrhea
113
Mechanism of action of probenecid ?
⬇️Proximal tubular Uric acid Reabsortion
114
Drugs contraindicated in ACUTE gout crisis ?(2)
Allopurinol | Probenecid
115
Dugs which inhibit DHF reductase? (4)
Methotrexate Trimethoprim Pirimetamine Phenytoin
116
Side effect of hidroxicloroquine?
Irreversible retinopathy
117
Substance responsible for Keloid formation?
TGF-Beta
118
Inflammatory cell and infections related with Erithema Multiforme? (1,2)
CD8 Lymphocytes Herpes simplex Mycoplasma
119
Acute cardiac complications in rheumatic fever? (2)
Mitral regusrgitation | Pancarditis
120
Common Hemangiomas in adult,children,pregnant patients?🍒🍓🕷
Adult. 🍒Cherry Hemangiomas Children. 🍓Strawberry Hemangiomas first grow and then regress Pregnant -OCPs- liver disease.🕷Spider Hemangiomas
121
Which congenital diseases are related whit cystic hygroma? (2)
Turner syndrome | Down syndrome
122
Fisopathology in Charcot-Mary-tooth disease?
Abnormal myelin synthesis PIE DE ARCO
123
What are the auto antibodies in dermatitis herpetiform?
Ac Transglutaminase
124
What are the Drugs which cause Drug-induced Lupus? (4)
Procainamide Hydralazine Isoniazid D-procainamide
125
The vertebral artery go through what bone structures in the neck?
Through transversal foramina whiting the transverse process 6 to 1 at cervical vertebra
126
Muscles inervated by Axiliary nerve ?(2)
Deltoid | Infraspinatus
127
Tracks involved in sudacute combined degeneration by B12 deficiency? (3)
Dorsal columns Corticospinal Spinocerebellar
128
What is the mos community bone cancer in middle age and older adults localized in pelvic bones and is radiolucent ?
CHONDROSARCOMA!!!!
129
What tumor is related whit myasthenia gravis?
THYMOMA!!!!
130
How is call the marked thickened of the epidermis presented in psoriasis?
ACANTHOSIS!!!!
131
In what day after MI there is the point Maximus of ventricular wall weaknesses, and can occur a tamponade?
Day 5!!!!
132
Mechanism of action of alendronate ?
Bone resorption inhibitor Stabilator hidroxyapatite bone structure Induces secretion of osteoclast inhibitors
133
Which cells have increase activity in PAGET DISEASE in each phase?
1. Osteolitic OSTEOCLASTS!!!! 2. MIXED 3. Osteosclerotic OSTEOBLASTS!!!
134
What symptoms persist in chronic use of opiods?
CONSTIPATION | MIOSIS
135
Which muscle structures are anterior and posterior to the brachial plexus and can participate in thoracic outlet syndrome?
ANTERIOR SCALENE | MIDDLE SCALENE
136
Microscopic finding in dermatitis herpetiform
Sub epithelial blister with neutrophils in dermal papilla
137
Very specific autoantibody found in Rheumatoid Artritis?
Ac - Citrullinated peptides
138
Types of exocrine glands?
Merocrine: exocytosis 🔹salivary and sweat glands Apocrine: membrane bound vesicles 🔹Mammary glands Holocrine: cell lysis 🔹Sebaceous glands
139
Nerve and artery damaged in midshaft humerus fracture
Radial nerve | Deep bronchial artery
140
Pathognomonic sign in myotonic dystrophy?
Abnormal slow relaxation of muscles Inability to release the doorknob Cataracts Frontal balding Gonadal atrophy Type 1 muscle fibers atrophy
141
Cause of congenital torticollis?(2)
Birth trauma | Malposition in Utero
142
What type of clinical macroscopic findings can be seen in MEN2B?
Mucosal neuromas Marfanoid habitus Medullary thyroid cancer Pheochromocytoma
143
Best site to anesthetics femoral nerve?
Inguinal crease (pliegue)
144
What are the features of actinic keratosis ?
Rough sandpaper-like texture | Hyper keratosis-cutaneous horns
145
Structures that are compromised in acute compartment syndrome of the leg?(3)
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT Extensors muscles Anterior tibial artery Deep peroneal nerve
146
Want autosomic dominant genetic disease has skin and mucosal telangectasias and recurrent severe nosebleeds?
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangectasias OSLER-WEBER-RENDU
147
What's Pierre robin secuence?
Micrognatia Glossoptosis (posterior displacement) U shaped cleft palate
148
Which vascular disease has impossibility to wrist extension (wrist drop)?
Hurt-Strauss =eosinophilic granulomatosis whit polyangiitis Asthma history ANTIBODIES NEUTROPHIL MYELOPEROXIDASE p-ANCA
149
Action of osteoprotegerin in osteoporosis ?
🚫osteoporosis Osteoprotegerin block RANK ( important to osteoclast formation)
150
Explain peptides responsibles for localized amyloidosis in cardiac atria,thyroid gland, pancreas,cereebrum,pituitary gland.
cardiac atria : atrial natriuretic peptide thyroid gland: calcitonin ( medullary carcinoma) pancreas: amylin (associated with DM2) cerebrum: beta-amyloid (Alzheimer) pituitary gland : prolactine
151
How is the presentation in train of four stimulation of depolarizing and non-depolarizing NMJ blockers ?
depolarizing EQUUAL REDUCTION THEN PROGRESSIVE REDUCTION non-depolarizing PROGRESSIVE REDUCTION
152
Difference between Duchenne and Becker talking about its protein issue?
🚫Duchenne lack of distrophin ⬇️ Becker decrease synthesis of dystrophin
153
Management of restless leg syndrome?
PRAMIPEXOLE dopamine agonist!!! Iron supplement
154
Injury in specific arteries in femoral neck fracture leads to femur head Osteonecrosis ..(2)
Ascending cervical and retina ulnar from MEDIAL CIRCUMFLEX ARTERY !!!
155
Important artery that can be injured in femur neck fracture in the child?
Lifpamentus teres artery from OBTURADOR ARTERY epiphyte all growth plate
156
what are glomangioma ?
tumor of glomus encapsulated neurovascular organs in dermis which act in thermoregulation tipically seen under the nails.
156
Femoral nerve pass through what important muscular structures?
ILIOPSOAS MAJOR !!!!
157
What's Dupuytren contracture?
Fibroproliferative disease of the palmar fascia leading to fingers flexion
159
Blotchy every muscle fibers on glomori thrichrome stain are characteristic in ?,.....
MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHIES!!!
160
How is the superficial lymphatic drainage of the lower extremity?
MEDIAL ⏩ inguinal lymphonodes LATERAL⏩popliteal nodes ⏩ inguinal lymphonodes
161
Pathophysiology of keloid formation
⬆️⬆️TGF-Beta to much collagen deposit In the PROLIFERATIVE PHASE OF HEALIG 3 days to 3 weeks
162
Principal features of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic syndrome?(4)
Proximal muscle weakness (gait, climb stairs) 🚫 oculobulbar nerve (diplopia , ptosis) Dysarthria disphagia Disautonomic (Dry mouth , Impotency )
163
``` How osteoprotegerin (OPG) block the osteoclast maduration? And wha drug can induce the same outcome? ```
OPG bind RANK-L Block the interaction whit RANK DENOSUMAB monoclonal antibody
164
Medications linked with osteoporotic factures?(8)
⬆️ Vit D catabolism :Anticonvulsants ⬇️ Estrogens: Aromatase inhibitors , Medroxiprogesterone ⬇️ Testosterone and estrogen: GnRH agonist ⬇️ Ca Absortion: omeprazol ⬇️ Bone formation: glucocorticoids, HBPM, thiazolidinediones
165
What's myasthenic crisis and Cholinergic crisis? And how is it tested?
Myasthenic crisis ⬇️ACh. Improve with edrophonium Cholinergic crisis ⬆️⬆️ACh insensitivity Doesn't improve with edrophonium
166
Mutation related with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ?
Mutation of the gene that codes for cooper-zinc superoxide dismutase SOD1
167
Mechanism of action of pancuronium and tubocurarine?
Nicotinic receptor antagonist
168
Mechanism by morphine induces allergies?
Ig-E Independent mast cell activation
169
Pathognomonic skin lesions after lighting ?
Lichtenberg figures⚡️⚡️⚡️
170
Cause of wrinkles in older people?
Decrease of collagen fibril production ⬆️up regulation of matrix metalloproteinases Degradation of type I and type III collagen and elastin
171
Different kind of nevi. (3)
Junctional Nevus NEVUS CELLS IN DERMOEPIDERMAL JUNCTION flat , darker center Compound Nevus NEVUS CELLS EXTENDS FROM EPIDERMIS TO DERMIS papules Intradermal Nevus NEVUS CELLS JUST AT DERMIS pedunculate
172
What's the triad of McCune-Albrigth syndrome? And it's cause?
``` Fibrous dysplasia (Osteolitic lesions at hip and pelvis) Endocrine abnormalities (precocious puberty, hyperthyroidism) Cafe-Au-lait spots ``` GNAS gene --constitutive activation of G protein
173
Muscles of rotator cuff which inserts in greater and lesser tuberosity?
GREATER. Supraspinosum, infraspinosum, Teres minor LESSER. Subscapularis
174
In hyperparathyroidism what kind of Osseous reabsortion is seen?
Subperiosteal reasorption with cystic degeneration
175
Histologic finding in contact dermatitis?
ACUTE ESPONGIOSIS Eosinophilis and lymphocytes infiltrates CRHONIC achantosis (thickening of stratum Spinosum) Hyperkeratosis (thickening of stratum corneum)
176
Where is seen hypergranulosis?
Lincoln planus
177
clinical complex of tuberous sclerosis? (5)
``` renal angiomiolipomas brain hemartomas cardiac rhabdomiomas facial angiofibromas leaf-shaped patches of skin ```
178
which arteries conform kiesselbach plexus?(3)
anterior ethmoidal sphenopalatine superior labial (facial)

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