Musculo-Skeletal Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery

Question 1

Fractures can be classified

Answer 1

Open or closed
Complete or incomplete
Based on direction of fracture line
Displaced or nondisplaced

Question 2

Bone Healing Stages

Answer 2

A, Bleeding at broken ends of the bone with subsequent hematoma formation.

B, Organization of hematoma into fibrous network.

C, Invasion of osteoblasts, lengthening of collagen strands, and deposition of calcium.

D, Callus formation: new bone is built up as osteoclasts destroy dead bone.

E, Remodelling is accomplished as excess callus is reabsorbed and trabecular bone is laid down.

Question 3

Six Ps are characteristics of impending compartment syndrome

Answer 3

1) Paresthesia: numbness and tingling
2) Pain: distal to injury that is not relieved by opioid analgesics and pain on passive stretch of muscle travelling through compartment
3) poikilothermia,
4) pallor
5) pulselessness
6) paralysis